FLOWER (parts)

• This is the special reproductive structure of flower plants 

  Flower
• Only found in angiosperms


  Flower
• Parts of a Flower

  A) Sepal

  B) Petal

  C) pistil

  D) stamen

  
• The outermost whorl or part of a flower, usually green and photosynthetic, that is leaflike in appearance.

  Sepals
• It cover and protect the more delicate tissues that are developing within the bud.

  Sepals
• Collective Term of sepals


  CALYX
• Flower structures that are often brightly colored, showy, and conspicuous.

  Petals
• They are broad, flat, thin, and resemble leaves in their overall organization.

  Petals
• They may also be photosynthetic and serve to attract insects.

  Petals
• Collective term of Petals

  COROLLA
• The central portion of a flower, often referred to as the "female" part of the flower.

  Pistil
• It consists of the stigma, style, and ovary and is composed of one or more carpels (ovule-bearing units).

  Pistil
• Collective term of Pistil

  GYNOECIUM
• The pollen-producing structure of a flower, typically referred to as the "male" part.

  Stamen
• It consists of an anther, which produces pollen, and a filament.

  Stamen
• Collective term of stamen

  ANDROECIUM
• Microscopic structures that serve as the male gametophytes in flowering plants.

  Pollen Grains
• Responsible for the transfer of genetic material from the male part of the plant (stamen) to the female part (pistil).

  Pollen Grains
• The male reproductive cell in plants, which develops into a pollen grain that can fertilize the female ovule.

  Male Gametophyte
• Describes the shape of pollen grains; they can be radially symmetrical (having symmetry around a central axis) or bilaterally symmetrical (having two equal sides).

  Radially or Bilaterally Symmetrical Bodies
• Dispersal from Anther to Stigma:

  Pollen grains are designed for dispersal, moving from the anther where they are produced to the stigma of a flower where fertilization can occur.
• The exine is the outer layer of the wall of a pollen grain that is often patterned with spines or ridges, while the intine is the inner layer.
• Openings in the pollen wall.

  Apertures: Sulci and Colpi
• (singular: sulcus) refer to the furrow or pore in the pollen grains of monocots.


  Sulci
• (singular: colpus) are the elongated furrows or pores in the pollen grains of dicots


  Colpi
• Refers to a flower with only one carpel per flower.

  Monocarpous
• This term is used to describe the simplest form of carpel arrangement in flowering plants.

  Monocarpous
• Describes a flower with two or more distinct carpels.

  Apocarpous
• Each carpel is free and not fused with the others.

  Apocarpous
• A flower with multiple carpels that are conjoined or fused together.

  Syncarpous
• This term denotes a more complex carpel structure.

  Syncarpous
• How can the number of carpels comprising a gynoecium be determined? 

  (-) Count the stigmas or stigmatic lobes 

  (-) Count the styles

  (-) Count the lobes of the ovary 

  (-) Count the locules in the ovary

  (-) Count rows of placentae 
• A clearly defined section of an organ or structure separated by fissures, notches, or indentations; in the context of a trilobe ovary, it refers to one of the three sections or protrusions.

  Lobe
• The chamber or compartment within the ovary of a flower that contains the ovules.

  Locule
• The structure within the ovary of a flower that develops into a seed after fertilization. It's mentioned that there are two attached at the placenta.


  Ovule
• The part of the ovary of flowering plants where the ovules are attached. It's typically located at the center of the ovary.

  Placenta
• A gynoecium consisting of a single carpel per flower.

  Monocarpous Gynoecium
• When the ovules are attached to the junction where the two margins of the carpel meet, commonly found in a monocarpous gynoecium.

  Marginal Placentation
• A gynoecium composed of two or more carpels, each with its own ovary and not fused together.

  Apocarpous Gynoecium
• When the ovules are attached to a central axis and the carpels are fused, as seen in a syncarpous ovary.

  Axile Placentation