nematoda's body is covered by collagenous (protein) cuticle
nematoda's are free-living or parasitic
nematoda's body are Pseudocoelomate and triploblastic
pseudocoelomate means that the body cavity is not completely enclosed by a membrane
triploblastic means that the embryo has three layers of cells
Nervous System of nematoda: Consist of a ring of nerve tissue (nerve ring) around the pharynx and one or more nerve cords running along the length of the body.
1/2 Sensory structure of nematoda:
❑ Amphids
✓ Located near the anterior end of the body.
✓ Involved in chemoreception and mechanoreception
✓ Allows to detect and respond to changes in their environment.
2/2 Sensory structure of nematoda:
❑ Phasmids
✓ Located near the posterior end of the nematode's body.
✓ Associated with chemosensation
✓ Allows to detect environmental cues, including potential mates, food sources, and predators.
1/2 Digestive and Excretory Organs:
❑ Stylet
✓ A piercing mouthpart some plant-parasitic nematodes.
✓ Used to puncture plant cells and extract nutrients from the host tissues.
✓ It is a specialized structure that enables these nematodes to feed on plant sap.
2/2 Digestive and Excretory Organs:
❑ Excretory ducts and glands
✓ Helps regulate the nematode's internal fluid balance and remove metabolic wastes from the body.
Reproductive organs
❑ Spicules
✓ A paired copulatory structures of malenematodes.
✓ Spicules are inserted into the female's reproductive tract during mating and aid in the transfer of sperm.
✓ The size, shape, and structure of spicules vary among different nematode species.
Muscular Layer:
❑ Nematodes have longitudinal muscles that run along the length of their bodies.
❑ These muscles allow nematodes to move by contracting and relaxing in a wave-like motion.
Sexual Reproduction (Internal Fertilization)
• Roundworms reproduce sexually.
• They are dioecious
dioecious means having male and female parts on separate animals of the same species