Vaccines

• When do you suffer from the disease?

  While B-cells are dividing to build up their numbers to deal with a pathogen (primary response) - you suffer. vaccines help avoid this
• What do vaccines contain?

  Antigens that cause the body to produce memory cells against a particular pathogen, WITHOUT the pathogen causing disease

  • = you become immune without getting symptoms
• Who do vaccines protect?

  Individuals that have the vaccination , and because they reduce the occurrence of the disease, the unvaccinated people are also less likely to catch the disease. = HERD IMMUNITY
• Why are the unvaccinated people less likely to catch the disease?


  there are fewer people to catch it from
• What is an attenuated pathogen?

  weakened pathogen
• How may vaccines be given?

  injected OR taken orally
• What are the disadvantages of taking a vaccine orally?


  -The vaccine could be broken down by enzymes in the gut

  -The molecules of the vaccine may be too large to be absorbed in the blood
• When are booster vaccines given?

  eg after several years
• Why are booster vaccines sometimes given?

  To make sure that memory cells are produced