When an individual is with a group, they share values. Within the police force, reinforces negative stereotypes
Institutional racism
Racism within an institution that goes from top to the bottom
Macpherson (1999)
The police force is racist, they were bound to be institutionally racist
Hall et al
Certain groups are scapegoats and used to justify oppressive policing. Marginalisation drove some black youths into a lifestyle of hustling and petty crime as a means of survival
Izzat
Lower crime rates for Chinese, Pakistanis and Indians
