Respiratory System

• Respiration in adult frogs:

  1. Cutaneous Respiration

  • Moist surface of the outer skin

  1. Buccal respiration

  • Lining of bucco-pharyngeal cavity

  1. Pulmonary respiration

  • Lungs 
• • Inhalation = inspiration
  • Exhalation = expiration 
  • Exchange of gasses = respiration
• • External respiration
  • Exchange of gases between the environment and the respiratory organs and internal respiration
  • Internal respiration
  • Exchange of gases between body fluids and tissue cells
• • The respiratory system comprised of the organs that helps the intake and supply of oxygen to the tissues as well as getting rid of the excess carbon dioxide
• • Bronchus
  • Small tube that leads to the lungs
• • Alveoli
  • Thin membranes
  • Lined with thin epithelium
  • Richly supplied with blood capillaries
  • Blood capillaries
  • Contains deoxygenated blood for gas exchange 
  • Carbon dioxide is released here

  (oxygen is released into the blood)
• • Interalveolar Septum
  • Thin partition between alveoli
• What is this?

  Lungs

  
• Histology of a Lung

  Small White: Alveolus

  Smallest violet and red: Capillary

  Medium violet: Blood Vessel

  Big white: Bronchiole

  White passage: Alveolar Duct

  Big violet and red: blood vessel

  Violet curves/kanto: Alveolus

  Dots of light red: Arteriole

  • Small blood vessels that leads to a capillary

  
• Oral Cavity

  Mouth cavity
• Nostrils/ External Nares

  Openings for breathing
• Anterolateral part of the snout

  Front and side part of the nose
• Openings of the Eustachian tube

  Tube connects the mouth cavity with the cavities of the middle ear leading to the tympanum
• Near the angle of the jaw at the root of the oral cavity

  Location of the Eustachian tube openings
• Glottis

  Opens downward into the cavity of larynx
• Posterior region of the pharynx

  Back part of the throat
• Larynx/Voice Box

  Supported or stiffened by cartilages
• Arytenoid Cartilages

  Larynx stiffener, anterior pair
• Cricoid Cartilages

  Larynx stiffener, posterior pair
• Vocal Cords

  Creates sounds, inside the glottis slit
• Bronchus


  Extremely short tube to the lungs, connected to the larynx