quantitative chemistry

    Cards (14)

    • Conservation of mass
      The mass of the reactants is equal to the mass of the products in a chemical reaction
    • Decrease in mass in reactions is normally because a product is a gas and lost to the surroundings
    • Increase in mass is normally because a reactant is a gas
    • State symbols
      Indicate the physical state of a substance: solid (s), liquid (l), gas (g), aqueous (aq)
    • A balanced symbol equation should include state symbols
    • Formula mass
      The sum of the atomic masses of the atoms in a formula
    • Avogadro constant
      The number of particles (atoms, molecules or ions) in one mole of a substance
    • A balanced symbol equation shows the ratios of the reactants and products in a chemical reaction
    • Using balanced equations
      1. Write the balanced symbol equation
      2. Calculate moles of substances using moles = mass/formula mass
      3. Calculate mass of unknown substance using mass = moles x formula mass
    • Excess reactant
      The reactant that is left over after the reaction is complete
    • Limiting reactant
      The reactant that is used up first, limiting the amount of products formed
    • Determining excess and limiting reactants
      1. Write the balanced symbol equation
      2. Pick one reactant and its quantity
      3. Use the ratios in the balanced equation to calculate how much of the other reactant is needed
      4. Compare this to the quantity given to determine excess and limiting reactants
    • Concentration
      The amount of solute dissolved in a given volume of solution
    • High concentration means lots of solute in the solution, low concentration means little solute in the solution
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