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Cards (14)
Conservation of mass
The mass of the
reactants
is
equal
to the mass of the products in a chemical reaction
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Decrease in mass in reactions is normally because a product is a
gas
and lost to the
surroundings
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Increase in mass is normally because a reactant is a
gas
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State symbols
Indicate the physical state of a substance: solid (s), liquid (l),
gas
(g),
aqueous
(aq)
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A
balanced
symbol equation should include
state
symbols
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Formula mass
The sum of the
atomic
masses of the atoms in a
formula
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Avogadro constant
The number of particles (atoms, molecules or ions) in
one mole
of a substance
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A
balanced
symbol equation shows the
ratios
of the reactants and products in a chemical reaction
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Using balanced equations
1. Write the
balanced
symbol equation
2. Calculate
moles
of substances using
moles
= mass/formula mass
3. Calculate
mass
of unknown substance using mass =
moles
x formula mass
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Excess reactant
The reactant that is left over after the reaction is
complete
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Limiting reactant
The reactant that is used up first,
limiting
the amount of products formed
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Determining excess and limiting reactants
1. Write the
balanced symbol equation
2. Pick one
reactant
and its
quantity
3. Use the ratios in the balanced equation to calculate how
much
of the other
reactant
is needed
4. Compare this to the quantity given to determine
excess
and
limiting reactants
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Concentration
The amount of
solute
dissolved in a
given volume
of solution
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High concentration
means lots of solute in the solution,
low concentration
means little solute in the solution
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