Elizabethan England:Challenge at home and abroad, 1569-1588

• Who led the Revolt of the Northern Earls in 1569?

  The Earl of Northumberland and the Earl of Westmorland
• What is a papal bull?

  A written order issued by the Pope
• Name four major catholic plots Elizabeth faced

  The Revolt of the Northern Earls 1569, The Ridolfi plot 1571, the Throckmorton plot 1583, the Babington plot 1586
• What happens after the Babington plot 1586?

  Mary, Queen of Scots’ was executed
• Who was Elizabeth’s spymaster?

  Sir Francis Walsigham
• What is a cipher?

  A secret way of writing in code
• Where was the New World?

  North and South America 
• What is a privateer?  


  Individuals (merchants or explorers) who capture cargo from other ships e.g Drake
• Who circumnavigated the globe 1577-80?

  Sir Francis Drake
• How much Spanish treasure did Drake return with after 1580?


  He stole £400,000 worth of Spanish treasure!
• What did the Spanish call Drake?

  El Draque
• What was the Treaty of Joinville 1584?

  Spain and France signed an alliance against Protestantism
• What was the Treaty of Nonsuch 1585?


  Elizabeth I signed a treaty promising to help the Dutch Protestants in the Netherlands
•  What was the ‘singeing of the King of Spain’s beard’? 

  1587, Elizabeth ordered Drake to go to Cadiz in Spain and destroyed 30 of King Philip’s ships 
• How many ships did King Philip II send in the Armada?

  130 ships and 30,000 men!
•  Who led the Spanish Armada?

  Duke of Medina Sidonia
•  What was the name of the new and improved English ships?

  Galleons
•  Name a key battle between the Spanish Armada and the English navy

  The Battle of Gravelines 1588
• Who led the English navy against the Spanish Armada?

  He sent the Duke of Alba to crush it with 10,000 men
•  Why was Elizabeth worried about Spanish presence in the Netherlands?

  She was worried about the large Spanish army in the Netherlands, too close to England!
• Who were the sea beggars?

  Dutch protestants who fled the Netherlands and took refuge in English harbour
•  Who was Mary, Queen of Scots’ first husband?

  King Francis II of France
• Who was Mary, Queen of Scots’ second husband?

  Lord Darnley (Mary was accused of murdering him) 
• What did Elizabeth I decide to do when Mary, Queen of Scots’ arrived in England

  She decided to imprison her