Cerebrospinal Fluid and Other Sterile Fluid

• CSF specimens can be collected for the diagnosis of amebic conditions associated with select amebas and which other disease?

  = African sleeping sickness or African Trypanosomiasis
• Why is prompt examination of CSF important in the diagnosis of parasitic infections?

  = To detect the motility of parasites
• Wet preparations of CSF can be prepared to search for the characteristic morphologic forms of which parasites?

  =  Naegleria fowleri and Acanthamoeba spp.
• Which staining techniques are commonly used on CSF specimens to enhance parasite detection?

  =  Trichrome stain and modified trichrome stain
• If Naegleria or Acanthamoeba infection is suspected in a CSF specimen, what culture technique can be employed to detect the presence of amebae?

  = Non-nutrient agar culture seeded with Escherichia coli
• Other pathogens that might be recovered from the central nervous system include all of the following except:

  - Toxoplasma gondii

  - Microsporidia

  - Taenia solium cysticercus larvae

  - Echinococcus spp.

  = Taenia solium cysticercus larvae
• In addition to CSF, which sterile fluids can be examined for parasites?

  = Peritoneal fluid, pleural fluid, and bronchial washings
• What is necessary for proper collection technique when collecting samples for parasitic study?

  = Collection under aseptic conditions
• Wet preparations and permanent stains can be used to examine which types of sterile fluid samples?

  • Only CSF sample
  • Only peritoneal fluid samples
  • All types of sterile fluid samples
  • Only pleural fluid samples

  = All types of sterile fluid sample
• Prompt examination of CSF is important for the detection of which characteristic feature of parasites?

  • Presence of eggs
  • Motility
  • Acid-fast staining
  • Presence of cysts

  = Motility
• Which staining technique is commonly used to enhance parasite detection in CSF specimens?

  • Gram stain
  • Wright's stain
  • Giemsa stain
  • Acid-fast stain

  = Giemsa stain
• Which of the following pathogens might be recovered from the central nervous system?

  • Plasmodium spp. and Leishmania spp.
  • Taenia solium cysticercus larvae and Echinococcus spp.
  • Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei
  • Toxoplasma gondii and microsporidia

  = Toxoplasma gondii and microsporidia
• Which techniques can be used to examine sterile fluid samples for parasites?

  • Permanent stains only
  • Both wet preparations and permanent stains
  • Culture techniques only
  • Wet preparations only

  = Both wet preparations and permanent stains