H&N Personal

• Paget's Disease


  Acorn-shaped and enlarged skull bones are visible. Enlarged bones in the skull and spine can lead to pressure on the brain, spinal cord, or nerves. This disease causes your body to generate new bone faster than normal, the rapid remodeling produces bone that's less organized and weaker than normal bone, which can lead to bone pain, deformities and fractures.
• Exophthalmia


  Eyeball is bulging or protruding from the eye socket. Exopthalmia is only a sign of a disorder, it is commonly a signal of Graves' disease and goiter. Can cause corneal dryness and conjunctivitis.
• Cachexia


  Facial appearance looks 'sunken in' and bones are protruding. Cachexia is characterized by a persistent increase in basal metabolic rate that is not compensated by an increase in caloric intake.
• Myxedema


  Swelling of the face, periorbital edema, & dull, puffy face with dry skin. is also known as a severely advanced hypothyroidism.
• Down Syndrome


  Slanting eyes, small chin, round face, flat nasal bridge, Brushfield spots in the iris, low-set ears, and flattened nose. Down syndrome is a condition in which a baby is born with an extra chromosome number 21.
• Hypertelorism


  Abnormally increased distance between the two eyes or another organ or body part. Hypertelorism is not a disease, but is a symptom of underlying conditions like genetic disorders or craniosynostosis.
• Cushing Syndrome


  Round face, fatty hump between the shoulders (buffalo hump), and redness and swelling of the cheeks. It is caused by a tumor or excess growth of the pituitary gland and the adrenal gland. It occurs because of too much cortisol in the body over a long period of time.
• Acromegaly


  Enlargement of bones due to increased production of growth hormone by the pituitary gland
• Bell’s palsy

  • temporary
  • affects VII (facial) nerve
  • unilateral facial paralysis
  • maybe caused by a virus
• Cerebrovascular accident

  • includes facial paralysis and extends to other body regions
• craniosynostosis 


  early closure of the sagittal sutures, causing the head to elongate
• cushing syndrome

  • increased cortisol production by the adrenal gland
  • moon face, ruddy cheeks, purple/ pink stretch marks and excess facial hair
• Down syndrome 


  chromosomal defect
• fetal alcohol syndrome

  • fetal exposure to high levels of alcohol
• hydrocephalus

  • enlargement of head caused by inadequate drainage of CSF
• Parkinson’s disease

  • mask-like expression
  • decreased production of dopamine
• torticollis

  • muscle spasm supplied by the spinal accessory nerve
• migraine 


  Episodic primary headache disorder
• cluster headache 


  numerous episodes followed by period of remission
• tension headache 


  muscle contraction headache
• hyperthyroidism 


  excessive production of thyroid hormone
• hypothyroidism 


  decrease in thyroid hormone production
• goiter 


  enlargement of thyroid gland use to hyper or hypothyroidism
• Graves’ disease

  • most common hyperthyroidism
• thyroid adenoma 


  Benign thyroid nodules
• thyroid carcinoma 


  malignant tumor in the thyroid
• medicine induced hyperthyroidism

  • excessive iodine n medicine leads to an oversecretion of thyroid hormones
• congenital hypothyroidism

  • nonfunctional thyroid at birth
• myxedema

  • severe form of hypothyroidism, causes non pitting edema
• thyroiditis

  • inflammation of thyroid gland
• postpartum thyroiditis

  • thyroid problem experienced by 5-9% of females postpartum
• Hashimoto thyroiditis

  • autoimmune disease that results in primary hypothyroidism
  • usually in females
  • tends to be familial