Lesson 2

• Globalization


  A process that increases either as homogeneity or heterogeneity
• Culture


  All the ways of life including arts, beliefs and institutions of a population that are passed down from generation to generation
• Homogeneity


  The increasing sameness in the world as cultural input, economic factors, and political orientations of societies, expand to create common practices, same economies, and similar forms of government
• Cultural homogeneity


  • Christianity brought to our country by the Spaniards
  • Americanization - import of American products, images, technologies, practices, and behavior
  • McDonaldization - business model adopted by McDonald's and the fast-food industry
• McDonaldization


  • Efficiency
  • Predictability
  • Calculability
  • Control by nonhuman technology
• Starbucks is an example of McDonaldization
• Heterogeneity


  The creation of various cultural practices, new economies, and political groups because of the interaction of elements from different societies in the world
• Glocalization


  As global forces interact with local forces, a "glocal" is being produced
• Perspectives on global cultural flows

  • Cultural Differentialism
  • Cultural Hybridization
  • Cultural Convergence
• Cultural Differentialism


  Emphasizes the fact that cultures are essentially different and are only superficially affected by global flows
• Cultural Hybridization


  Emphasizes the integration of local and global culture, leading to the development of a new culture by merging two or more different cultures
• Cultural Convergence


  Stresses homogeneity introduced by globalization, increasing the similarities between cultures