Lesson 5 &6

• Religion


  A system of faith or worship that influences the way a person thinks about, views, and interacts with the world, and can provide a framework for understanding the meaning and purpose of life
• Religion


  An organized system of beliefs, ceremonies, and rules used to worship a god or a group of gods
• Religion has played a significant role in the lives of many Filipinos
• Technology has played a significant role in the globalization of religion
• The internet, social media, and other forms of digital communication have made it easier for religious groups to connect with people and spread their message to new audiences
• This has led to the growth of online religious communities and practices
• Globalization transforms religion into a world system of competing and conflicting religions
• Religions have distinct internal structures, their connections to different cultures, rituals, and beliefs contradict each other
• Christianity and Islam are mostly incompatible with each other, these religions cannot be hybridized
• Globalization affected the proliferation of international terrorism
• Religious extremism


  A type of political violence anchored on the belief that a Supreme being grants violence in the act of glorifying one's faith
• Extremists believe that it is their duty to fulfill God's Will through violence
• In 2017, the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), a known extremist group, triggered the locals of Mindanao to launch the Marawi Siege for 5 months
• Global migration also influences religions
• Globalization has forced the appearance of "religious traditions in places monitary
• Globalization allows for religions previously isolated from one another to now have regular and unavoidable contact
• Globalization has impacted on religion by allowing religious groups to take advantage of modern technology to recruit new members, spread the word and keep in contact with other members of the religion
• Major religions of the world

  • Hinduism
  • Buddhism
  • Judaism
  • Christianity
  • Islam
• Hinduism


  • The oldest religion in the world and is mainly practiced in India
  • It is the 3rd largest religion in the world
  • Their god's name is Brahman
  • Hindus believe in reincarnation and Karma
  • Spiritual leaders are called gurus
• Buddhism


  • Based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama and is practiced in many parts of Asia
  • It is the 4th largest religion in the world
  • It teaches people that they can escape the suffering of the world through the Buddhist teachings
  • They avoid eating meat
  • They also believe in karma and reincarnation
• The Teachings of Buddhism

  • The fundamental cause of all suffering is DESIRE
  • Extinguish the self, and don't obsess about oneself
  • The cause of suffering is people's desires for pleasure and material goods
  • Give up all materials and possessions of the world to reach nirvana
  • Nirvana is a state of perfect peace in which the soul would be free from suffering forever
• Judaism


  • Based on the belief in one God and the covenant between God and the Jewish people
  • The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism in Mesopotamia
  • It is the oldest of monotheistic faith
  • Its Holy city is Jerusalem
  • Jews believe that there is a single God - Yahweh
  • They await the Messiah, who will be an earthly king
  • They believe in heaven but that God determines where they go after life on earth
  • The most holy Jewish book is the Torah
  • Worship is led by Rabbi
  • Jews worship in Synagogues or temple, with men and women usually sitting separately
• Christianity


  • The world's largest religion and is based on the teachings of Jesus Christ
  • Christians believe that the son of God was Jesus Christ
  • God sent His son to earth to save humanity from the consequences of their sins
  • Jesus rose from the dead on the 3rd day after His crucifixion
  • Christians believe that Jesus was the Messiah promised in the Old Testament
  • Christians believe that there is only one God, but this one God consists of 3 "persons"- God the Father, God the Son, God the Holy Ghost—Trinity
  • They believe that they are saved by faith and good works
  • They believe in heaven and hell
  • The Bible is the Christian's holy book
• Christianity is divided into Eastern and Western theology, and within those divisions, many branches, including Catholicism, Protestantism, and Eastern Orthodoxy
• Those branches further divide into the thousands of various denominations known today, including Baptists, Methodists, Lutherans, Seventh-Day Adventists, Mormons, Amish, and more
• Islam


  • The second-largest religion and is based on the teachings of the prophet Muhammad
  • Islam began in Arabia and was revealed to humanity by the prophet Muhammad, and those who follow Islam are called Muslims
  • Muslims believe that there is only one God, called Allah, who speaks Arabic
  • Qur'an is the Muslim scripture and Mosque is the Muslim building for communal worship, containing only designs, no people or animals or furniture
  • Muslims are required to travel to Mecca (the holiest city of Islam) once in their lifetime
• Regionalization


  The process of dividing an area into smaller segments called regions
• Regions


  Groups of countries located in the same geographical area
• Regionalism


  A political ideology that favors a specific region over a greater area
• Countries form regional organizations as a way of coping with globalization
• Globalization


  A process by which people are unified into a single society and function together
• Differences between Regionalization and Globalization


  • Globalization promotes integration of economies across state borders all around the world
  • Regionalization divides an area into smaller segments
  • Globalization allows many corporations to trade on an international level, it allows a free market with minimal tariffs
  • Regionalization is more likely to develop monopolies
  • Globalized international communities are more willing to aid countries stricken by disasters
  • Regionalization does not get involved in the affairs of other areas
  • Globalization has driven great advances in technology
  • Advanced technology is rarely available in one country or region
• Tariff


  A tax imposed by one country on the goods and services imported from another country
• Reasons why countries form regional associations

  • Military defense
  • Economic crises
  • Resources
• Military defense


  • NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) was formed to protect Europe from the threat of the Soviet Union
  • The Soviet Union, created the Warsaw Pact formally known as the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance which was established as a balance of power to NATO
• Economic crises


  • The ASEAN along with China, Japan, and South Korea, established an emergency fund that stabilized Asian economies
• Resources


  • The OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) rose in power when they took over and controlled crude oil prices across the world