ADLER "INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY"

• Striving for Superiority


  Perfection or completion/ Dynamic force of our behavior
• Striving for personal superiority

  ¨will to power or a domination of others   (unhealthy)
• Striving for completion (success)¨

  describe actions of people who are   motivated by highly developed social interest (healthy)
• Each individual is guided by their ?

  FINAL GOAL
• Final goals

  Fictions (according to Adler)
• The Final Goal

  Fictional Finalism to Self-guiding Ideal fictional and has no objective existence. Cannot be judged as right or wrong, true or false but   only based on usefulness. A product of creative power; neither genetically nor   environmentally determined.
• Creative Power 


  ability to freely shape our behavior and create our own personality
• ¨People strive for superiority or success as a   means of ___ for feelings of   inferiority or weakness

  compensation
• Children will compensate for feelings of inferiority in devious ways that have no apparent relationship to their fictional goal.

  Personal (negative)
• Physical Deficiencies 


  ignite feelings of   inferiority only because people, by their   nature, possess an innate tendency toward   completion or wholeness.
• Stiving for personal superiority


  ¨Striving for superiority with little or no concern   for others.¨ Goals are personal (personal gain)
• ¨Strivings are motivated largely by   exaggerated feelings of personal inferiority, or   the presence of an _______

  inferiority complex
• Psychologically healthy people are motivated by_and the success___________ of all humankind

  social interest
• Striving for Completion


  ¨capable of helping others without demanding or   expecting a personal payoff able, to see others not as opponents but as people   with whom they can cooperate for social benefit
• ¨success is not gained at the expense of others but is   a natural tendency to move toward ________

  completion or perfection.
• People's subjective perceptions shape their behavior and personality 


  ¨Fictions, or expectations of the future. Shape people’s striving for superiority or success to compensate for feelings of inferiority. Teleological view of motivation.
• The whole person strives in a self-consistent   fashion toward a ___ goal

  single goal
• Personality is Unified and Self- Consistent


  ¨The whole person strives in a self-consistent   fashion toward a single goal.¨The disturbance of one part of the body cannot be viewed in isolation; it affects the   entire person.
• Organ Dialect


  The deficient organ expresses the direction of the individual’s goal
• ¨as that part of the goal that is   neither clearly formulated nor completely   understood by the individual; not helpful.

  unconscious
• ¨Conscious 


  thoughts are those that are   understood and regarded by the individual as   helpful in striving for success.
• other words for SOCIAL INTEREST


  (Gemeinschaftsgefühl – “social   feeling” or “community feeling”)
• SOCIAL INTEREST


  can be defined as an attitude of relatedness with humanity in general as well as an empathy for each member of the human community.nIt manifests itself as cooperation with others for social advancement rather than for personal gain
• Style of life


  ¨the flavor of a person’s life.
• Psychologically unhealthy lead ________ in style of life

  inflexible lives
• Psychologically healthy behave in ____and____- ways in style of life

  diverse and flexible
• Ruling type


  • aggressive, dominating people who have little social interest or cultural perception
• Getting type


  • dependent people who take rather than give
• Avoiding type


  • people who try to escape life's problems and engage in little socially constructive activity
• Socially useful type


  • people with a great deal of social interest and activity
• Style of life is molded by people’s _________-.

  creative power
• Abnormal Development 


  one factor underlying all types of maladjustments is underdeveloped social interest.
• NEUROTICISM TENDS TO:

  • set their goals too high
  • live in their private world
  • have a rigid and dogmatic life 
• Exaggerated physical deficiencies

  People with exaggerated physical deficiencies sometimes develop exaggerated feelings of inferiority
• People with exaggerated physical deficiencies


  • They tend to be overly concerned with themselves and lack consideration for others
  • Can lead to maladjustment
• Pampered style of life


  • Lies at the heart of most neuroses
  • Have weak social interest but a strong desire to perpetuate the pampered, parasitic relationship with one or both of their parents
  • Overriding drive to establish a permanent parasitic relationship with the mother or a mother substitute
• Neglected style of life

  • Abused and mistreated children develop little social interest and tend to create a neglected style of life
  • Have little confidence in themselves and tend to overestimate difficulties
  • Tend to be distrustful
• Safeguarding Tendencies 


  People create patterns of behavior to protect their   exaggerated sense of self-esteem against public disgrace; partly conscious
• Excuses

  if only …. And Yes, but

  If only I am more confident

  If only I was in the right place and right time

  If only I did this and that

  Yes I agree, but my mother/father/husband/wife/daughter etc. don’t
• Aggression


  Adler (1956) held that some people use aggression to safeguard their exaggerated superiority complex, that is, to protect their fragile self-esteem