B7 animal coordination

• pitruitry gland:

  -master gland

  -secretes hormones into the blood to ethtier have an effect on the body or avt on other glands to stimulate them to produce different hormones
• pancreas

  secretes insulin=controls blood glucose levels
• thyroid

  -thyroxine

  -controls metabolic rate,heart rate and temp
• Which hormone is produced when there are low levels of thyroxine?

  TRH
• TRH produced in the hypthalamus
• Which hormone is produced when there are high levels of TRH?

  TSH
• TSH is produced in the pitruitry gland
• low levels of thyroxine:

  production if hormone TRH in hypothalamus

  -release of TSH in pitruitry

  -acts on thyroid to produce thyroxine
• Name the four hormones (in order) for the menstrual cycle

  FSH, oestrogen, LH, progesterone
• What does FSH do?

  Causes an egg follicle to mature
• What does oestrogen do?

  Thickens the lining of the uterus and inhibits production of FSH, causes a surge in LH
• What does LH do?

  Triggers ovulation (the egg to be released)
• What does progesterone do?

  Maintains lining of the uterus, inhibits production of FSH and LH
• adrenal gland

  adrelanine

  flight or fight reponse
• Oestrogen and progestorone are produced in the ovaries where LH and FSH are produced in the pitruitry gland
• What happens if blood glucose levels are too high?

  
  

  Insulin is produced in the pancreas
• What does insulin do?

  Causes liver and muscle cells to store glucose as glycogen
• What happens if blood glucose levels are too low?

  Glucagon is produced in the pancreas
• What does glucagon do?

  Causes liver and muscle cells to convert glycogen into glucose
• Contraceptive pill:

  oestrogen and progesterone

  inhibts FSH

  develops mucus in cervix=sperm cannot move through
• implant

  Progestorone

  thickens mucus in cervix

  prevents ovaries from realsing eggs

  3 years
• injections

  Progesterone

  same effect as implant

  2-3 months
• IUD

  Progesterone

  same effect as implant

  inserted into uterus,T shape

  5-10 years
• IFV

  EGGS collected from ovaries fertilized by sperm in a lab
• cons of IVF

  
  

  physically/emotionally stressful

  lead to multiple births

  expensive if process needs to be repeate
• type 1

  -not enough insulin created

  young people only

  lifelong
• treat ment for type1

  stem cell treatment

  planned diet

  insuling injections
• type 2

  body doesnt responf to insulin

  older people

  result of poor diet

  can be prevented/removed
• treatment for type 2

  exercise

  diet
• Thyroid

  • produces thyroxine = regulates metabolism
  • TSH = released by pitruitry gland when it detects low levels of thyroxine to stimulate the release of thyroxine
• pitruitry gland

  • master gland
  • produces lots of different hormones
  • tells body what to do/other glands to release their hormones
• adrenaline

  • increases heart rate
  • increases blood pressure
  • increases blood flow to muscles
• Stage 1 - menustration

  • bleeding
  • break down of uteus lining
  • 4 days
• stage 2

  • lining starts to build up = becomes a thick spongy layer with lots of blood vessels in it
  • 10 days
  • prepares uterus for fertilized egg
• stage 3 - ovulation

  • egg released from ovaries
• stage 4

  • maintains lining of uterus
• • FSH stimulates ovaries to produce oestrogen
  • when there are high levels of oestrogen, it stimulates the release of LH = results in ovulation + inhibits FSH production
  • LH inhibits progestorone
  • progestorone inhibits FSH