5.3.2 Control of Blood Glucose Concentration

• Which organ controls blood glucose concentration?

  Pancreas.
• What does the pancreas produce when blood glucose concentration is too high?

  Insulin.
• What does the release of insulin cause?

  Glucose to move from the blood into cells.
• In liver and muscle cells, excess glucose is converted to…?

  Glycogen for storage.
• What is type 1 diabetes?

  A disorder in which the pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin. It is characterised by uncontrolled high blood glucose levels and is normally treated with insulin injections.
• What is type 2 diabetes?

  Where the body cells no longer respond to insulin produced by the pancreas. A carbohydrate controlled diet and exercise regime are common treatments.
• Which type of diabetes is obesity a risk factor for?

  Type 2 diabetes.
• Which type of diabetes stems from birth?

  Type 1 diabetes.
• If the blood glucose concentration is too low…?

  The pancreas produces the hormone glucagon that causes glycogen to be converted into glucose and released into the blood.
• Blood glucose level too high = insulin added

  Blood glucose level too low = glucagon added