5.3.4 Hormones in Human Reproduction

• What do reproductive hormones cause during puberty?

  Secondary sex characteristics to develop.
• What is the main female reproductive hormone produced in the ovary?

  Oestrogen.
• What do eggs begin to do at puberty?

  Mature.
• When is an egg approximately released?

  Every 28 days.
• What is the process of eggs maturing and being released called?

  Ovulation.
• What is the main male reproductive hormone produced by the testes?

  Testosterone.
• What does testosterone stimulate?

  Sperm production.
• Several what are involved in the menstrual cycle of a woman?

  Hormones.
• What does FSH stand for?

  Follicle-stimulating hormone.
• What does FSH cause?

  The maturation of an egg in the ovary.
• What does LH stand for?

  Luteinising hormone.
• What does LH stimulate?

  The release of an egg from the ovary.
• Which two hormones are involved in the maintenance of the uterus lining?

  Oestrogen and progesterone.
• What is puberty?

  The period in which adolescents start to develop secondary sexual characteristics.
• What are four examples of secondary sexual characteristics?

  Breast development, increase in height, more muscle mass and a deepening voice.
• Which organ is testosterone released from?

  The testes.
• Is oestrogen the main sex hormone in males or females?

  Females.
• Which organ is oestrogen released from?

  The ovaries.
• What are these?

  Ovaries.

  
• What is this?

  The uterus lining.

  
• What are these?

  Fallopian tubes.

  
• What is this?

  The uterus.

  
• How long does the average menstrual cycle last?

  28 days.
• The menstrual cycle:

  • The menstrual cycle is a series of steps that prepares the uterus for the implantation of a fertilised egg. 
  • If there is no fertilised egg, then the cycle repeats. 
  • But if there is a fertilised egg, then the cycle will stop and the egg will implant into the uterus lining, where it can develop into a foetus. 
• What happens in stage one of the menstrual cycle?

  There is a period of bleeding as the uterus lining breaks down.
• What is the name of stage one of the menstrual cycle?

  Menstruation.
• What happens in stage two of the menstrual cycle?

  The uterus lining is built up.
• What happens in stage three of the menstrual cycle?

  The release of the egg from the ovaries.
• What is the name of stage three of the menstrual cycle?

  Ovulation.
• What happens in stage four of the menstrual cycle?

  Maintenance of the uterus lining.
• What happens after stage four if there is no fertilised egg?

  The cycle starts again.
• If a fertilised egg implants into the uterus lining then the menstrual cycle stops and the lining is maintained. True or false?


  True.
• Which hormone stimulates the uterus lining to develop?

  Oestrogen.
• Which organ are both LH and FSH released from?

  The pituitary gland.
• Which hormone stimulates the egg to be released around day 14 (ovulation)?

  LH.
• Which hormone stimulates the egg follicle to mature?

  FSH.
• Which hormone maintains the lining of the uterus?

  Progesterone.