C2 states of matter

• melting-solid to liquid
• boiling/evaporation - liquid to gas
• condensing - gas to liquid
• freezing - liquid to solid
• sublimation - solid to gas
• deposition - gas to solid
• Are changes of state physical changes or chemical changes?

  Physical changes
• What is a pure substance?

  Something that is made up of only one type of particle
• pure substances have a fixed boiling point
• Mixtures have a boiling point over a range
• What can fractional distillation be used to separate?

  A mixture of liquids with different boiling points
• What can distillation be used to separate?

  A liquid from a solution
• What can filtration be used to separate?

  An insoluble solid from a solution
• Rf = distance moved by the spot / distance moved by the solvent
• What is the mobile phase in paper chromatography?

  The solvent

  What is the stationary phase in paper chromatography?

  The paper
• How can paper chromatograms be used to identify substances?

  Comparison with known substances
• How can paper chromatograms be used to identify pure substances?

  They will only have one spot
• How can waste and groundwater be made potable?

  Sedimentation, filtration, chlorination
• How can sea water be made potable?

  Distillation 
• What must be true about water used in analysis?

  It must not contain any dissolved salts
• Immiscible: (of liquids) not forming a homogeneous mixture when mixed = they will separate from each other