week 3 to 4 part 3

• Geocentric model


  Model where Earth is at the center of the universe, with the Sun, Moon, stars, and planets orbiting around it
• Ptolemaic model


  • Earth is at the center of the universe, but the moons and planets rotate in circles as they go around Earth
• Copernican model


  Heliocentric model where the Sun is at the center of the universe, and the Earth and other planets orbit around the Sun
• Copernican Revolution


  1. Critical realization that the Earth is not the center of the universe

  2. Explained observed complex motions as naturally occurring

  3. More simple, with the Sun as the one central element

  4. Aesthetically more pleasing
• Galileo Galilei


  • First to study the sky with a telescope
  • Discovered mountains on the Moon
  • Discovered sunspots on the Sun
  • Discovered the moons of Jupiter
  • Realized Venus had phases, meaning it orbits the Sun
• Charles Darwin


  English naturalist who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection
• Sigmund Freud


  Austrian doctor, founding father of psychoanalysis, a method for treating mental illness and a theory explaining human behavior
• Freudian Revolution


  • Freud was a determinist who believed people are driven by their instincts, including the life instinct (sex/libido) and the death instinct (aggression, self-destruction)