acids and alkalis

• What are the three types of substances discussed in the video?

  Acids, bases, and alkalis
• What does the pH scale indicate?

  The acidity or alkalinity of a solution
• What is the neutralization reaction between acids and alkalis?

  Acids react with alkalis to produce water
• What is the formula of hydrochloric acid?

  HCl
• What does "aq" signify in the formula of an acid?

  Aqueous solution, meaning dissolved in water
• Name two other common acids besides hydrochloric acid.

  Sulfuric acid and nitric acid
• What are bases?

  Chemicals that can neutralize acids
• What are bases usually made of?

  Metal oxides or metal hydroxides
• What is the difference between bases and alkalis?

  Alkalis are soluble bases in water
• What is the pH range for acids?

  0 to 6
• What pH value indicates a neutral solution?

  7
• What is the pH range for alkaline solutions?

  8 to 14
• How can we determine the pH of a solution?

  Using a pH probe or universal indicator
• What does a universal indicator do?

  Changes color based on acidity or alkalinity
• What color indicates a neutral solution with universal indicator?

  Green
• What color shows a very acidic solution?

  Red
• What color indicates a very alkaline solution?

  Purple
• What happens when an acid reacts with an alkali?

  Hydrogen ions react with hydroxide ions
• What are the differences between acids, bases, and alkalis in terms of pH?

  • Acids: pH 0-6
  • Neutral: pH 7
  • Alkalis: pH 8-14
• What are the methods to determine pH?

  • pH probe: Electronic measurement
  • Universal indicator: Color change based on acidity