P14 particle model

• What is the equation for density

  Density = mass / volume
• solid has the greatest density because particles are closely packed together so it has the lowest volume
• mass is conserved during change of state
• physical changes are when the material recovers its original properties if the change is reversed
• What happens if you heat a system?

  the energy stored within the system will change and raise its temperature or produce changes of state
• specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to raise 1kg of a substance by 1^0c
• specific latent heat is the amount of energy needed to make 1kg of a substance to change state
• thermal insulation can be used to reduce unwanted energy transfer
• How do you convert from kelvin to degrees Celsius?

  Subtract 273

  How do you convert from degrees Celsius to kelvin?

  Add 273
• absolute zero:

  0 K or -273 0C
• What equipment is needed to find the specific heat capacity of water? polystyrene cup, beaker, balance, immersion heater,

  joulemeter, stop-clock
• What equipment is needed to obtain a temperature-time graph for

  melting ice?

  boiling tube, thermometer, beaker, tripod, gauze, kettle,

  Bunsen burner, stop-clock