EduCake

• Which microorganism reproduces through spores?

  Fungi
• New genetically identical plants can be made easily by taking cuttings from the parent plant.
• What is the name for long, coiled up lengths of DNA?

  Chromosomes
• Mutation is a sudden change that occurs in the genes of an organism
• Which diagram shows the correct structure of a DNA polymer?

  B

  
• A change in the base sequence of a specific gene is known as a mutation which can be beneficial, neutral or harmful
• DNA is a double helix as it is a spiral made of two chains wound together
• Why the shape of a protein is important?

  It allows other molecules to fit into the protein molecule
• During protein synthesis, carrier molecules transfer amino acids to add to the protein in a specific order
• Understanding the human genome had led to us being able to trace historical human migration patterns from the past
• DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid
• Inheritance is the transmission of genetic information (DNA) from generation to generation
• Each protein has a unique sequence of amino acids which is determined by a template
• Any characteristic that can be passed from parents to offspring is called a hereditary or heritable characteristic
• What are the four DNA bases?

  Adenine (A)

  Guanine (G)

  Cytosine (C)

  Thymine (T)
• Genome is the complete set of DNA found in an organism
• Chromosomes are long threads of DNA
• Gene is a section of DNA
• Why is it important that the human genome is fully understood?

  search for genes linked to different types of disease

  understand inherited disorders and their treatment

  trace human migration patterns from the past
• Give an example of disease associated genes:

  BRCA 1 and BRCA 2

  Mutations in these genes account for ~10% of all inherited breast cancer cases detected
• Pedigree analysis shows the inheritance pattern of the disease which can be used to predict the risk of having the disease, showing if it is sex-linked or autosomal, dominant or recessive
• Why is selective breeding used with animals or plants?

  So desired characteristics that will be of benefit will be selected
• What is genetic engineering?

  The genome of an organism is altered by adding a gene from another to create a desirable characteristic
• How are animals cloned?

  Embryo transplant

  Adult cell cloning