Mumbai Housing

• People lived in poorly build homes


  because they were made with basic materials/no skill
• Cramped living conditions


  Cause negative impacts on families, leading to stress and anxiety
• Cramped living conditions


  Can result in fast spread of disease
• Water pipes built by residents run alongside sewage pipes

  If pipes crack, water becomes contaminated
• Contaminated water


  People catch waterborne diseases such as cholera
• The Mithi River has stagnant water


  attracts mosquitoes which spread diseases like malaria and dengue fever
• No official rubbish collection


  Attracts vermin like rats which spread disease
• No official electricity supply, people steal from street lights


  Can lead to fires spreading quickly due to dense housing
• People share toilets, human waste flows into local river


  Spreads diseases like typhoid
• Crime in slums with organised begging and pickpocketing


  Can make people feel unsafe
• Employment in slums


  People work in casual jobs, often unskilled, low paid and unreliable
• Slum Rehabilitation

  1. Slums cleared by local government

  2. New policy to redevelop slums
• Improvements from Slum Rehabilitation included new sewage system and water supplies


  to reduce water borne disease
• Slum Rehabilitation scheme required 75% of residents to sign up, but this was not achieved due to friction between different groups
• within 12 years of Slum Rehabilitation


  Only 15% of Dharavi has been redeveloped
• Self-help schemes taught people transferable skills like construction and plumbing


  They can then teach others or become more employable
• Dharavi Redevelopment Project


  1. Residents moved to high rise flats with running water and electricity

  2. Government built schools to give children access to education
• Those who do not qualify for Dharavi Redevelopment Project were moved to other parts of the city


  This broke up communities and increased travel to work
• The new flats Dharavi Redevelopment Project were too small 


  People couldn't have workshops in or above their homes
• Costs have spiralled due to a volatile market and the project keeps stalling due to political instability
• Houses had large families cramped inside


  High rates of mental health problems due to a lack of privacy
• Self help schemes were effective because


  it gives residents a sense of ownership
• Self help schemes are a cheaper alternative to brand new housing areas


  It employs local people to fix up existing houses
• Self help schemes use


  skills of local people to improve existing housing and facilities
• People have access to electricity because


  Their houses are connected to metered electricity
• Overcrowding has been reduced because


  Some residents added extra floors to their houses
• Self-help schemes upgraded existing buildings


  with concrete and brick
to make them safer
• Slum rehabilitation widened streets for waste lorries


  to reduce rats and disease
• Slum rehabilitation widened the streets for access for emergency services


  improving quality of life as people could access health care