Aldehydes and ketone

Created by

Mia butler

Cards (11)

Define oxidation o organic chemistry  
Whenever a carbon forms a bond with a more electronegative element
define reduction in organic chemistry
whenever a carbon forms a bond with a less electronegative element
cyanide ions bonding
Forms a ionic lattice forming molecules such as KCN and NaCN
carbon triple bonded to nitrogen atom
what is the reagents and conditions for a the reduction of an aldehyde/ketone into an alcohol and name the reaction mechanism
Reaction mechanism - nucleophillic addition
reagents - NaBH4 - provides Hydride ions
conditions - aqueous (water molecules provide the H+ ions)
write a balanced equation for the reduction of butan-2-one and explain why the resulting products do not rotate plane polarised light (optically inactive)
CH3COCH2CH3 + 2[H] —> CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3
the resulting solution is a 50/50 mixture of enantiomers (racemic mixture) which rotate plane polarised light equally in opposite directions
why do we call the resulting product of a nucleophillic addition reaction with HCN and ketones/ aldehydes hydroxynitriles instead of cyantic alcohols ? 
because the nitrile group is the highest priority group
why would you not carry out a reaction involving KCN in a lab ?  
KCN is very harmful when digested
is KCN is handed improperly handled it could react to produce deadly gas HCN
what are the reagents, conditions and products the nucleophillic addition reaction with HCN and ketones/ aldehyde ?
reagents: KCN followed by dilute acid
conditions : aqueous
products : hydroxynitrile
write an equation for the production of 2-hydroxypropanenitrile
CH3CHO + H2SO4 + KCN —> CH3CH(OH)CN + KHSO4
What are the two ways to prepare aliphatic amines
Aliphatic - no benzene ring directly attached to a nitrogen
reaction of NH3 with halogenoalkane
reduction of nitrile compounds
what are the reaction conditions for the reaction between NH3 and halogenoalkane
Excess NH3 - minimise the number of product formed
high pressure
heat