Sections of a Report

• What is the first section of a psychological report?

  Abstract
• What does the abstract of a psychological report summarize?

  Major elements like aim, hypotheses, and results
• How long is an abstract typically?

  About 150 words
• Why are abstracts useful for researchers?

  They help find relevant reports quickly
• What is the purpose of the introduction in a psychological report?

  • Literature review of current research
  • Written using the funnel technique
  • Ends with the aim and hypothesis of the research
• What does the aim of a study state?

  The purpose of the study
• How is a hypothesis typically stated?

  As an expected outcome of the IV on the DV
• What should the method section of a psychological report include?

  • Design and Method
  • Sample and Participants
  • Apparatus/Equipment
  • Procedure
  • Ethics
• What is the purpose of an abstract in a psychological report?

  It provides a concise summary of the major elements of the report
• How long is a typical abstract in a psychological report?

  About 150 words
• Why are abstracts useful for researchers?

  They allow researchers to find the most relevant reports to read in full
• What is the purpose of the introduction section in a psychological report?

  It provides a literature review and overview of the current research field
• How is the introduction section structured?

  It uses the funnel technique, starting with broad themes and narrowing down to the current research
• What are the two key elements that the introduction section ends with?

  The aim and hypothesis of the current research
• What is the purpose of the aim in a psychological report?

  It states the purpose of the study
• What is the purpose of the hypothesis in a psychological report?

  It states what is going to be tested and the expected outcome
• What are the key elements that should be included in the method section of a psychological report?

  Design and method, sample and participants, apparatus/equipment, procedure, and ethics
• Why should the method section be detailed?

  So that someone else could replicate the research
• What should the results section include?

  Key findings in relation to the hypothesis, including descriptive and inferential statistics
• How do the results differ between qualitative and quantitative research?

  In qualitative research, the results are more likely to include analysis of themes and categories
• What are the key elements that should be included in the discussion section?

  Verbal summary of the results, comparison to previous research, limitations, and implications
• What is the typical referencing style used in psychology reports?

  APA style
• What types of materials are typically included in the appendices of a psychological report?

  Consent form, debrief form, questionnaires, diagrams, raw data, and statistical calculations
• What writing style is typically used in psychological reports?

  Third person and formal, technical language
• What formatting guidelines are typically required for psychological reports at university?

  Arial, 12pt, 1.5 lines, justified
• What are the key differences between the function of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM)?

  • TEMs produce 2D images, while SEMs produce 3D images
  • TEMs can only be used for living specimens, while SEMs are for non-living samples
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of qualitative research methods?

  Strengths:

  • Provides in-depth, rich data
  • Flexible and adaptable to new information
  • Captures complex phenomena

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Time-consuming and labor-intensive
  • Potential for researcher bias
  • Limited generalizability
  • Difficulty in replicating results
• How does photosynthesis work in plants?

  Process of photosynthesis:

  1. Light absorption by chlorophyll
  2. Light-dependent reactions: water splits, electrons excited
  3. Electron transport chain: ATP and NADPH produced
  4. Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions):

  • CO2 fixation
  • Reduction of fixed carbon
  • Regeneration of RuBP

  1. Glucose and other carbohydrates synthesized