3.a TESTS PERFORMED IN THE CHEMISTRY SECTION

• Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) - elevated levels indicate liver disorders
• Albumin - decreased levels indicate liver or kidney disorders or malnutrition
• Amylase - increased levels indicate pancreatic disorders, such as acute pancreatitis
• Alcohol - elevated levels indicate intoxiction
• Alkaline phospatase (ALP) elevated levels indicate bone or liver disorder
• Ammonia - elevated levels indicate severe liver disorders
• Amylase - elevated levels indicate pancreatitis
• Arterial blood gasses (ABG) - determine the acoodoty and alkalinity and oxygen and carbon dioxide levels of blood
• Aspartatae aminotransferase (AST)


  Elevated level indicate myocardial infarction or liver disorders
• Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)


  Elevated levels indicate liver disorders
• Albumin


  Decreased levels indicate liver or kidney disorders or malnutrition
• Alcohol


  Elevated levels indicate intoxication
• Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)


  Elevated levels indicate bone or liver disorders
• Ammonia


  Elevated levels indicate severe liver disorders
• Amylase


  Elevated levels indicate pancreatitis
• Arterial blood gasses (ABGs)


  Determine the acidity or alkalinity and oxygen and carbon dioxide levels of blood
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)


  Elevated levels indicate myocardial infarction or liver disorders
• Bilirubin


  Elevated levels indicate liver or hemolytic disorders
• Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)


  Elevated levels indicate kidney disorders
• Brain natriuretic peptide (BINP)


  Elevated levels indicate congestive heart failure
• Calcium (Ca)


  Mineral associated with bone, musculoskeletal, or endocrine disorders
• Cholesterol


  Elevated levels indicate coronary risk
• Creatine kinase (CK)


  Elevated levels indicate myocardial infarction or other muscle damage
• Creatine kinase (CK) isoenzymes

  Determine the extent of muscle or brain damage (elevated in myocardial infarction)
• Creatinine


  Elevated levels indicate kidney disorders
• Creatinine clearance


  Urine and serum test to measure glomerular filtration rate
• Drug screening


  Detects drug abuse and monitors therapeutic drugs
• Electrolytes (CO, Cl, Na, K)

  Evaluate body fluid balance
• Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT)


  Elevated levels indicate early liver disorders
• Glucose


  Elevated levels indicate diabetes mellitus
• Glucose tolerance test (GTT)


  Detects diabetes mellitus or hypoglycemia
• Haptoglobin


  Used to evaluate hemolytic anemia and certain chronic diseases
• Hemoglobin AC


  Monitors diabetes mellitus
• Hemoglobin (Hgb) electrophoresis


  Detects abnormal hemoglobins
• High-density lipoprotein (HDL)


  Assesses coronary risk
• Iron


  Decreased levels indicate iron deficiency anemia
• Lactic dehydrogenase (LD [LDH)


  Elevated levels indicate myocardial infarction or lung or liver disorders
• Lead


  Elevated levels indicate poisoning
• Lipase


  Elevated levels indicate pancreatitis
• Lithium (Li)


  Monitors antidepressant drug