P.EPAL

• Volleyball


  A game played by two (2) teams on a playing area separated by a net. The aim is to transfer the ball over the net to land on the opponent's court. The ball is put in play with a service. Each team is given three (3) touches in addition to the block contact to return the ball to the opponents court. The rally continues until the ball lands on the playing surface, goes out, or a team fails to return it correctly or a violation is committed.
• Volleyball


  • Any number of players could play
  • Any number of hits per side
  • Play court is 25ft. X 50ft.
  • Played with a tennis net raised to 6.5ft. Off the play court
  • Played for 9 endings
• Volleyball was founded


  1895
• Mintonette


  Former name of volleyball
• Mintonette was changed to "volleyball" by Alfred T. Halsed


  1896
• Volleyball started to spread all over the world through YMCA. The point system was adapted.


  1900
• Volleyball was introduced to the Philippines by Elwood S. Brown


  1910
• The first set rules were presented. The rotation system was adapted.

  1912
• The "set and spike" was introduced (of Philippine origin)

  1916
• The 15 point-system was adapted


  1917
• Each side was fixed to have six (6) players at a time


  1918
• The three (3) hits per side was introduced (of Philippine origin). The "back row rules" was introduced.

  1920
• The center line was imposed

  1921
• Volleyball first exhibition game in Olympics in Paris, France. Japan introduced the 9-man team with 21 points to win a set.


  1924
• The birth year period of the 2-man beach volleyball game (California, USA)

  1930s
• The Federation Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB) was founded. The highest governing body of volleyball.


  1947
• The first beach volleyball tournament was held on the beaches of California, USA


  1948
• Volleyball's first appearance in the Olympics (Tokyo, Japan) as a competition


  1964
• Beach volleyball's first appearance in the Olympics (Atlanta, USA)


  1996
• The rally point system (25 points per set) was introduced. The incorporation of the libero to the team was introduced.


  1998
• Park volley was introduced (a park full volleyball courts accommodating co-ed players). The regulation of the 25-point system was systematized. The use of the libero was systematized.

  2000s
• Playing area


  The whole space where a volleyball match takes place. It includes the areas around the court (free zones) and that above the net (free playing space).
• Play surface


  The flat horizontal fixture (flooring) of the total play area
• Play court


  The part of the area wherein a match actually takes place. It is bounded by the end lines and the sidelines.
• Volleyball court


  • Court dimension
  • Serving order, front and back rows
  • Lines in the court
• Boundary lines


  Two sidelines and two end lines mark the playing court. Both sidelines and end lines are drawn inside the dimensions of the playing court. The function is for the referee to know whether the play is an "in" or "out".
• Center line


  The axis of the center line divides the playing court into two equal courts measuring 9m. It extends beneath the net from sideline to sideline. It divides the court into two equal parts; any player is not allowed to cross the center line or it will be called as violation.
• Attack lines


  On each court, an attack line whose rear edge is drawn 3 meter back from the axis of the center line, marks the front zone. The attack lines separate the front court and the back court.
• Front zone/area


  On each court the front zone is limited by the axis of the corner line and the rear edge of the attack zone. The front zone is considered to extend beyond the side lines to the end of the free zone. Only the front zone players are allowed to spike in the front zone; back row players are not allowed to spike in the front zone or else it will be called as a violation.
• Back zone


  Back zone is the area form the attack line extended to the end line/service line. Any player could attack coming from the back zone except the liberos.
• Service zone


  The service zone is a 9 meter wide area behind each line. It is literally limited by two short lines, each 15 cm long, drawn 20cm behind the line as an extension of the side lines. Both short lines are included in the width of the service zone. It is where the service takes place.
• Substitution zone/area


  The substitution zone is limited by the extension of both attack lines up to the scorer's table. It is where the substitution takes place; every team is allowed to have up to 6 substitution per set.
• Libero replacement zone


  The libero replacement zone is part of the free zone on the side of the team benches. The in and out of the liberos are called replacement and is not counted as the limited substitution of each team; the libero could replaced in or out anytime during dead ball.
• Free zone/warm up area

  The warm up areas, sized approximately 3x3 meter, are located in both of the bench-side corners. It is where the players warm up before coming in the game for a substitution.
• Game equipment


  • Posts (2)
  • Net (1)
  • Antennae (2)
  • Ball (3)
• Officiating equipment


  • Flag lets (2-4)
  • Whistles (2)
  • Sanction cards
  • Scorer's table
  • Score sheets
  • Scoreboard
  • Referee's stand
• Players composition


  • Minimum of 6 players, maximum of 14 players
  • 1 coach
  • 1 assistant coach/trainer
  • 1 chaperone in women team if the coach is male
  • 1 team physician
• Players


  • Rf - right front player
  • Cf - center forward player
  • Lf - left forward player
  • Rb - right back player
  • Cb - center back player
  • Lb - left back player. Excluding the libero, they dress in the same color, design, etc. of the group uniform. The jersey numbered from 1-18 only.
• Team captain


  Represents the squad in almost all matters regarding the match. His/her sport shirt shall have an underline for easy identification. Signs the score sheet before and after the match for approval of line-up and results. Endorsed to request for usual intervention (time-out/sub). Treasures the right to assign a game captain if he/she is out of the match or the court, and has the right to file a complaint, if needed, after a match.
• Libero


  The "specialized defensive player of the team". Plays defense only. Wears a diverse color of the uniform, in contrast to the rest of the group members. Controlled to carry out as a back row performer. Has no chance to deliver an attack (either from the back or front zones) when the ball is above the net. Is not permitted to serve, block or attempt to block. Substitutions involving libero are not recorded as usual substitutions and such are unlimited. Such is called "replacement". Can be replaced during dead ball only. An injured libero could be replaced regularly. The injured libero cannot re-enter the entire competition. Once a libero, (at the start), always a libero.