cardio

• Cardiovascular system


  Organ system that conveys blood through vessels to and from all parts of the body, carrying nutrients and oxygen to tissues and removing carbon dioxide and other wastes
• Cardiovascular system


  • It is a closed tubular system in which the blood is propelled by a muscular heart
  • It consists of two circulations, the pulmonary and the systemic, which have arterial, capillary, and venous components
• Heart


  The muscular organ that propels the blood through the cardiovascular system
• Heart


  • It has 3 layers: endocardium (inner), myocardium (muscle), and epicardium (outer)
  • It has 4 valves: tricuspid, pulmonary, bicuspid (mitral), and aortic
  • It has 4 chambers: two atria (left and right) and two ventricles (left and right)
• Combining forms related to the cardiovascular system

  • atri/o (atrium)
  • cardi/o (heart)
  • sphygm/o (pulse)
  • valvul/o (valve)
  • ventricul/o (ventricle)
• Examples of combining forms related to the cardiovascular system

  • atrial (pertaining to the atria)
  • cardiology (the study of the heart)
  • sphygmoscopy (examination of the pulse)
  • valvulitis (inflammation of a valve)
  • ventricular (pertaining to the ventricles)
• Combining forms related to the vasculature

  • angi/o (vessel)
  • aort/o (aorta)
  • arteri/o (artery)
  • arteriol/o (arteriole)
  • phleb/o (vein)
  • vas/o (vessel)
  • vascul/o (vessel)
  • ven/o (vein)
  • venul/o (venule)
• Combining forms related to pathologic substances in the cardiovascular system

  • arther/o (fatty substance)
  • embol/o (embolus)
  • thromb/o (clot)
• Examples of combining forms related to pathologic substances in the cardiovascular system

  • atheroma (a fatty deposit)
  • embolism (blockage due to an embolus)
  • thrombolysis (process of dissolving a clot)
• Suffixes related to the cardiovascular system

  • -cuspid (tapered; pointed)
  • -lunar (moon-shaped)
  • -sclerosis (hardening)
  • -spasm (sudden contraction)
  • -tension (tautness; blood pressure)
  • -version (turning)
• Examples of suffixes related to the cardiovascular system

  • tricuspid (having three points)
  • semilunar (having the shape of a half moon)
  • arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries)
  • vasospasm (sudden contraction of the muscles in a blood vessel)
  • hypertension (elevated blood pressure)
  • cardioversion (turning the heart to a normal beat by applying an electrical shock)
• Pathological conditions related to the cardiovascular system

  • secondary hypertension
  • tachycardia
  • thrombophlebitis
  • thrombosis
  • valvulitis
  • varicose vein
  • vasospasm
• Secondary hypertension


  Type of hypertension in which blood pressure is elevated as a result of another condition, usually kidney disease
• Tachycardia


  Abnormally rapid heart rate, usually defined as 100 or more beats per minute
• Thrombophlebitis


  Inflammation of a vein complicated by the formation of a blood clot within the vein
• Thrombosis


  Condition in which a stationary blood clot obstructs a blood vessel at the site of its formation
• Valvulitis


  Inflammation of a valve, particularly one of the valves within the heart
• Varicose vein


  A superficial vein that has become enlarged and twisted, usually as a result of damage to a valve and subsequent pooling in the vein
• Vasospasm


  Sudden contraction of smooth muscle in a blood vessel wall, which can temporarily interrupt blood flow
• Hyper means excessive
• Tachy means rapid
• Cardi means heart
• A means condition
• Thromb means clot
• Phleb means vein
• Itis means inflammation
• Osis means condition
• Valvul means valve
• Varic means "twisted vein"
• Ose means having qualities of
• Vaso means vessel
• Spasm means sudden contraction