part 4

• Scientific revolution is the name given to this period of drastic change in scientific thought that took place during the 16th and 17th centuries.
• Scientific Revolution replaced the Greek view of nature (more on philosophical rather than empirical) that had dominated Science for almost 2,000 years ago.
• Scientific Revolution is characterized by an emphasis on abstract reasoning, quantitative thought, an understanding of how nature works, the view of nature as a machine, and the development of an experimental scientific method.
• Scientific Revolution started from 1440AD-1690AD
• Scientific Revolution - refers to the scientific intellectual achievements that led to radical changes in scientific inquiries
• Universe Model by Nicholas Copernicus
• Universe Model - describes the sun as the center of the universe and the earth and other planets revolved around it in circles
• Law of Planetary Motions by Johannes Kepler
• Law of Planetary Motions - states that all planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits
• Work of Motion by Galileo Galilei
• Work of Motion involves the discovery of the relations among distance, velocity, acceleration, and the law of inertia
• Law of Motion by Isaac Newton
• Law of Motion describes the fundamental principles of physics
• Intellectuals around the world was able to share their ideas since we already have the printing press
• Scientific revolution is very significant in the development of human, formulation of scientific ideas, and transformation of the society.
• 3 Cs

  1. creativity
  2. curiosity
  3. critical thinking
• 3Cs - when merged are the characteristics of a scientist influencing the ideas, discoveries, and technologies developed and produced. We can all agree with this – our science and technology will only be as good as our scientists and skilled people.
• Polish scientist Nicolaus Copernicus proposed that the planets instead revolved around the sun
• Nicolaus Copernicus

  It was later on proven to be true with the invention of telescopes. Although his model wasn't completely correct, it formed a strong foundation for future scientists to build on and improve mankind's understanding of the motion of heavenly bodies.
• Nicolaus Copernicus also argued that Earth turned daily on its axis and that gradual shifts of this axis accounted for the changing seasons
• Johannes Kepler is now chiefly remembered for discovering the three laws of planetary motion, which state that (1) the planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus; (2) the time necessary to traverse any arc of a planetary orbit is proportional to the area of the sector between the central body and that arc (the “area law”); and (3) there is an exact relationship between the squares of the planets’ periodic times and the cubes of the radii of their orbits (the “harmonic law”).
• Johannes Kepler

  He also did important work in optics when he provided a new and correct account of how vision occurs; he developed a novel explanation for the behavior of light in the newly invented telescope he discovered several new, semiregular polyhedrons; gave the first mathematical treatment of close packing of equal spheres (leading to an explanation of the shape of the cells of a honeycomb; gave the first proof of how logarithms worked; and devised a method of finding the volumes of solids of revolution that can be seen as contributing to the development of calculus.
• Johannes Kepler

  he calculated the most exact astronomical tables hitherto known, whose continued accuracy did much to establish the truth of heliocentric astronomy.
• Isaac Newton contributed significantly to the field of science over his lifetime. And while the long-told tale of an apple dropping on his learned head is likely apocryphal, his contributions changed the way we see and understand the world around us
• Isaac Newton

  his discovery of the composition of white light integrated the phenomena of colors into the science of light and laid the foundation for modern physical optics.
• Isaac Newton

  In mechanics, his three laws of motion, the basic principles of modern physics, resulted in the formulation of the law of universal gravitation
• Isaac Newton

  In mathematics, he was the original discoverer of the infinitesimal calculus
• Isaac Newton

  new “reflecting telescope” was more powerful than previous versions, and because he used the small mirror to bounce the image to the eye, he could build a much smaller, more practical telescope.
• Isaac Newton

  This simple telescope design is still used today, by both backyard

  1. astronomers
  2. NASA scientists
• Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist who is perhaps most known as the founder of psychoanalysis with his development of talk therapy as an approach to treating mental health problems.
• Charles Darwin is famous for his theory of evolution in which he wrote a full account of in his book entitled “On the Origin of Species.”
• Charles Darwin

  This theory states that diverse groups of animals evolve from one or a few common ancestors by natural selection.
• Charles Darwin

  his contributions also span into entomology, when he referenced at least 50 insects in his The Origin of Species, including his own observations on the similarity of British and Brazilian fresh water insects, the importance of insects as pollinators, and the evolution of cell making in honey bees, among other topics.
• Johannes Kepler he calculated the most exact astronomical tables hitherto known, whose continued accuracy did much to establish the truth of heliocentric astronomy.
• Charles Darwin is famous for his theory of evolution in which he wrote a full account of in his book entitled “On the Origin of Species.”
• Isaac Newton

  new “reflecting telescope” was more powerful than previous versions, and because he used the small mirror to bounce the image to the eye, he could build a much smaller, more practical telescope.
• Freud’s theory of personality revolved around the three components of the mind, namely the

  1. id
  2. ego
  3. superego
• id is made up of the unconscious psychic energy that works to satisfy basic urges, needs, and desires.
• superego is composed of people’s internalized ideals (what is right and what is wrong) acquired from parents and society and works to suppress the impulsive urges.
• ego mediates the demands of the id, superego, and reality.