M5 - Cognitive Psychology
Cards (20)
- A hypothetical entity that is presumed to stand for perception, thought, memory, or the like during cognitive operations.
- The method of studying psychological processes is based on systematic self-observation of thoughts, perceptions, feelings, and bodily sensations.
- An observation of one's mental state. Asking people to describe their own knowledge representations and knowledge representation processes.
- The knowledge is derived from reason and logic. Reliance on reason as the basis for the establishment of religious truth.
- A theory that reason is in itself a source of knowledge superior to and independent of sense of perceptions.
- This refers to the technical problem of encoding human knowledge and reasoning (automated reasoning) into a symbolic language that enables it to be processed by information systems.
- This refers to facts that can be stated, such as the date of your birth, the name of your BFF, etc.
- This refers to knowledge of procedures that can be implemented.
- Researchers indirectly study knowledge representation because they cannot look. They observe how people handle various cognitive tasks that require the manipulation of mentally represented knowledge.
- (2) they observe the links between various deficits in knowledge representation and associated pathologies in the brain.
- is the mental representation of things that are not currently seen or sensed by the sense organs.
- This states that:“Human cognition is unique in that it has become specialized for dealing simultaneously with language and with nonverbal objects and events. Moreover, the language system is peculiar in that it deals directly with linguistic input and output (in the form of speech or writing) while at the same time serving a symbolic function with respect to nonverbal objects, events, and behaviors. Any representational theory must accommodate this dual functionality.”
- Resemble the objects they are representing. For example, trees and rivers.
- is a form of knowledge representation that has been chosen arbitrarily to stand for something that does not perceptually resemble what is being represented.
- This suggests that we do not store mental representations in the form of images or mere words. We may experience our mental representations as images, but these images are epiphenomena—secondary and derivative phenomena that occur as a result of other more basic cognitive processes.
- Imagery is functionally equivalent to perception to the extent that similar mechanisms in the visual system are activated when objects or events are imagined as when the same objects or events are actually perceived.
- Mental imagery is instrumental in retrieving information about the physical properties of objects, or about physical relationships among objects, that were not explicitly encoded at any previous time. Mental imagery is instrumental in retrieving information about the physical properties of objects, or about physical relationships among objects. This implies that images are places from which some information can be obtained even if it was stored unintentionally (implicit encoding)
- Imagined transformations and physical transformations exhibit corresponding dynamics and are governed by the same laws of motion.
- The spatial arrangement of the elements of a mental image corresponds to the way objects or their parts are arranged on actual physical surfaces or in an actual physical space. Thus, this principle refers to how a person treats space in mental images.
- The structure of mental images corresponds to that of actual perceived objects, in the sense that the structure is coherent, well organized, and can be reorganized and reinterpreted.