history russia

Subdecks (1)

Cards (71)

  • autocrat
    a ruler who has absolute power
  • westernisers
    wanted to copy western ways, abadoning slavic traditions and providing representative assemblies
  • slavophiles
    take pride in the distinctive russian traditions and culture and wanted a consultative assembly
  • alexander's intentions

    reform russia to elevate its status again
  • what year was the emancipation of the serfs
    1861
  • justifications behind emancipation
    moral case
    risk of revolt
    crimean war
    economic reasons
  • the moral case

    wrong to own someone as possession; it demeaned the serf owner and serf
  • risk of revolt
    increase in peasant revolts since 1840s, was worrying because peasants made majority of the army
  • crimean war

    war drew attention to how backwards russias army was
  • economic reasons
    economists such as Adam Smith noted that free labour was more productive than forced labour
  • hopes for emancipation
    boost economy and increase peasantrys faith in Tsarism
  • emancipation statutes

    february 1861
    serfdom abolished
    given land to work
    have to make annual redemption payments over 49 years to pay for land at 6% interest
    peasants still under control of the mir
  • consequences of emancipation
    peasants received less land then worked for, best land reserved for nobility
    - peasants felt cheated thought 'land belonged to those who worked for it'
    powers of the Mir strengthened so peasantry no longer tied to nobles but now the Mir
    nobility left angered felt hadnt been properly compensated
    peasants meant to be free to own property, get involved w economic market and political life, instead remained segregated tied by Mir unable to move freely
  • Zemstva
    Local government bodies introduced in 1864
  • autocrat
    a ruler who has absolute power
  • westernisers
    - wanted to copy western ideas
    - abandoning slavic traditions
    - providing representative assemblies
  • slavophiles
    - take pride in the distinctive russian traditions and culture
    - wanted a consultative assembly
  • alexander's intentions

    reform russia to elevate its status again
  • what year was the emancipation of the serfs
    1861
  • justifications behind emancipation
    - moral case
    - risk of revolt
    - crimean war
    - economic reasons
  • the moral case

    wrong to own someone as possession; it demeaned the serf owner and serf
  • risk of revolt
    increase in peasant revolts since 1840s, was worrying because peasants made majority of the army
  • crimean war

    war drew attention to how backwards russias army was
  • economic reasons
    economists such as Adam Smith noted that free labour was more productive than forced labour
  • hopes for emancipation
    boost economy and increase peasantrys faith in Tsarism
  • emancipation statutes
    -february 1861
    - serfdom abolished
    - serfs given land to work
    - have to make annual redemption payments over 49 years to pay for land at 6% interest
    - peasants still under control of the mir
  • consequences of emancipation
    - peasants received less land then worked for, best land reserved for nobility - peasants felt cheated thought 'land belonged to those who worked for it'
    - land owners sold land above market values- estimated that landowners retained 2/3 land whilst peasants received 1/3
    - powers of the Mir strengthened so peasantry no longer tied to nobles but now the Mir
    - nobility left angered felt hadnt been properly compensated
    - peasants meant to be free to own property, get involved w economic market and political life, instead remained segregated tied by Mir unable to move freely
  • milyutin brothers names
    Nicholas and Dmitri
  • nicholas
    gained praise for ideas
    became Deputy Minister of Interior 1858 then drafted Emancipation Edict- then dismissed
  • dmitri
    in the army, drove reform
    - opponent of serfdom freed own serfs before emancipation
    -1861 became war minister and implemented reform for over 20 years
  • local government 1864
    zemstva
  • what was zemstva?
    elected councils to run aspects of local and provincial government- for example, schools, roads and health
  • what did the zemstva do
    improved roads, primary schools- employed more teachers and doctors
  • what did the zemstva do
    created some social stability