UCSP REVIEWER

• Anthropology


  The study of humankind in all times and all places, including human origin, globalization, social change, and world history
• Goals of Anthropology


  • Discover what makes people different from one another in order to understand and preserve diversity
  • Discover what all people have in common
  • Look at one's own culture more objectively like an outsider
  • Produce new knowledge and new theories about humankind and human behavior
• Fields of Anthropology


  • Cultural Anthropology
  • Linguistic Anthropology
  • Archaeology
  • Biological Anthropology
• Sociology


  The systematic study of groups and societies that people build and how these affect their behavior
• Sociology was coined by August Comte, who was regarded as the "Father of Sociology"
• The scientific study of Sociology enables us to

  • Obtain possible theories and principles about society as well as various aspects of social life
  • Critically study the nature of humanity, which also leads to examining our roles within the society
  • Appreciate that all things (in society) are interdependent with each other
  • Broaden our familiarity on sociological facts, which are acquired through empirical process
  • Expose our minds to the different perspectives on attaining the truth
• Branches of Sociology


  • Social Organization
  • Social Psychology
  • Applied Sociology
  • Population Studies
  • Human Ecology
  • Sociological Theory and Research
  • Social Change
• Political Science


  The academic discipline that deals with the study of government and political processes, institutions, and behaviors
• Politics

  The art and science of governing city/state, the social process or strategy in any position of control which people gain, use, or lose power
• Government


  The agency to which the will of the state is formulated, expressed, and carried out, the organized agency in a state tasked to impose social control, a group of people that governs a community or unit
• The government exists for the benefit of the governed, not for the government officials to benefit from the people
• State

  A community of persons more or less numerous permanently occupying a definite portion of territory, having a government of their own to which the great body of inhabitants render obedience and enjoying freedom from external control
• Nation


  An ethnic concept which means that people are bound together by common ethnical elements such as race, language, and culture
• Unilineal Evolutionism


  New cultural forms emerge from the past that pass through similar stages of development
• Unilineal Evolutionism


  • From Animism to Monotheism i.e. Roman Catholic or Islam
• Cultural Diffusionism


  Culture originates from one or more culture centers, which are results of borrowed elements of the new culture
• Cultural Diffusionism


  • Filipino culture is influenced by Western civilization brought by the colonization of Western countries i.e. Spain
• Historical Particularism


  Each group of people has its own unique culture influenced by its history, geography, and environment
• Historical Particularism


  • Filipino people are influenced by superstitious beliefs, which originate from their ancestors
• Anthropological Functionalism


  Cultural elements and practices are interrelated and interdependent and persist because they have a purpose
• Anthropological Functionalism


  • Filipinos' actions are influenced strongly by their religion
• Anthropological Structuralism


  Cultural phenomena and practices have a relationship to one another by which human organize and structure their experiences
• Anthropological Structuralism


  • Father and Son; Husband and Wife
• Cultural Materialism


  Culture is influenced by technology, resources, economic values, and the utilization of things
• Cultural Materialism


  • Pork is prohibited in the Muslim diet
• Functionalism


  Society as an organized network cooperating groups operating orderly to generally accepted norms
• Functionalism


  • To be able to produce more productive graduates in the community, the government must pour money into education
• Conflict Perspective


  Social environment in a continuous struggle which is in contrast with Functionalism
• Conflict Perspective


  • Rich versus poor
• Symbolic Interactionism


  Deals with patterns of behavior in large units of society such as organization, communities, etc.
• Symbolic Interactionism


  • Why does an individual in the community avoid eye contact when talking to a stranger?
• Evolutionism


  Explains how human groups came to exist, grow, and develop
• Evolutionism


  • Before people use telephones to communicate with one another, now with the advancement of technology, many of us use cellphones as a means of communication
• Society


  All people, collectively regarded as constituting a community of related, interdependent individuals living in a particular place, following a certain mode of life
• Society refers to a population of people that is organized in a cooperative manner to carry out the major function of life including reproduction, sustenance, shelter, and defense
• Society refers to a population that occupies the same territory which is subject to the same political authority and participates in a common culture
• Culture (individual's perspective)


  Refers to the individual's taste, inclination, and interest in the "fine arts"
• Culture (civilized perspective)


  Refers to being civilized
• Culture


  A complex whole which encompasses beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and everything that a person learns and shares as a member of society
• Culture (anthropological perspective)


  A unique character of every human society which includes how we think, act, and what we own