2.1

• Ciliated cells


  Thin tissue which has hair-like structures (cilia) on it
• Fertilisation


  The fusing of the nucleus of the male gamete (sperm) and the nucleus of the female gamete (egg/ovum) to create a zygote
• Gamete


  Sex cell (sperm in males and eggs/ova in females)
• Interstitial cells


  Found adjacent to the seminiferous tubules. These cells are responsible for the production and secretion of testosterone
• Motile


  Able to swim
• Nucleus


  Controls cell activities and each nucleus contain 23 pairs of chromosomes
• Prostate gland


  Secretes prostate fluid, one of the components of semen
• Seminal vessels


  Produce and store fluid that will eventually become semen
• Seminiferous tubules


  Produce sperm, maintain sperm and store sperm
• Zygote


  A fertilised egg cell
• Gamete production in the testes

  1. Testes produce sperm in the seminiferous tubules

  2. Testes produce testosterone in the interstitial cells

  3. Sperm are motile but they need fluid to swim in

  4. The prostate gland and seminal vesicles secrete fluids that maintain the mobility and viability of the sperm as it swims towards the oviduct
• Gamete production in the ovaries

  1. The ovaries contain immature ova in various stages of development

  2. Each ovum is surrounded by a follicle that protects the developing ovum and secretes hormones

  3. The ovary is connected to the uterus by the oviduct

  4. The oviduct is lined with ciliated cells

  5. Every month, an ovum or egg develops and becomes mature, and is released from an ovary

  6. The cilia sweep the ovum along the oviduct into the uterus
• Fertilisation


  Mature ova are released into the oviduct where they may be fertilised by sperm to form a zygote
• The male gamete is sperm
• The female gamete is the ovum or egg (plural: ova)
• SQA terminology: Suggest


  You must apply your knowledge and understanding of Biology to a new situation. A number of responses are acceptable, and marks will be awarded for any suggestions that are supported by knowledge and understanding of Biology
• SQA terminology: Use the information in the passage/diagram/graph/table


  The answer must be based on the information given in the question
• Percentage Increase (problem-solving)


  1. Calculate the increase (new number-original number)

  2. Calculate the % increase (by dividing this increase by the original number and times by 100)
• Make sure that with a percentage increase that you read the question properly. For example; the SQA might ask you to calculate the percentage increase of the butterfly population from 2005 to 2005 which would be a different answer