Week 10

• emotion


  a combination of arousal, physical sensations, and subjective feelings that occurs spontaneously in response to environmental stimuli
• motivation


  a process that arouses, maintains, and guides behavior toward a goal
• James-Lange theory


  a theory of emotion that proposes that physical sensations lead to subjective feelings
• catharsis


  a theory of emotion that views emotion as a reservoir that fills up and spills over; it predicts that expressing an emotion will reduce arousal
• Cannon-Bard theory


  a theory of emotion featuring the simultaneous and independent occurrence of physical sensations and subjective feelings during an emotional experience
• Schachter-Singer two-factor theory


  a theory of emotion in which general arousal leads to assessment, which in turns leads to subjective feelings
• somatovisceral afference model of emotion (SAME)


  a model of emotion in which a range of physical sensations from precise to general requires varying degrees of cognitive processing prior to subjective feelings
• appraisal


  the detection and assessment of stimuli that are relevant to personal well-being
• Yerkes-Dodson law


  a description of the relationships among task complexity, arousal, and performance
• insula


  regions of cortex located at the junction of the frontal and temporal lobes
• display rule


  a cultural norm that specifies when, where, and how a person should express an emotion
• emotional intelligence


  our abilities to perceive, use, understand, and manage emotions
• homeostasis


  a steady internal balance, or equilibrium
• set point


  a value that is defended to maintain homeostasis
• drive


  a state of tension and arousal triggered by cues important for survival
• drive reduction


  the state of relief and reward produced by removing the tension and arousal of the drive state
• incentive


  a reward that pulls an organism's behavior in a particular direction
• intrinsic reward


  a reward that arises internally
• extrinsic reward


  a reward from an outside source
• glucose


  a type of sugar that plays an important role in hunger levels
• leptin


  a hormone secreted by fat cells that helps the body maintain an appropriate level of stored fat
• satiety


  a sense of feeling full and not requiring further food
• body mass index (BMI)


  a height-to-weight ratio used to identify healthy weight, underweight, overweight, and obesity
• anorexia nervosa


  an eating disorder characterized by the maintenance of unusually low body weight and a disordered body image
• bulimia nervosa


  an eating disorder characterized by bingeing, purging, and having feelings of depression, disgust, and lost control
• binge-eating disorder


  an eating disorder characterized by eating abnormally large amounts of food at one sitting and feeling that eating is out of control, without compensatory behaviors such as induced vomiting or the use of laxatives
• estradiol

  an important type of estrogen, or female sex hormone
• testosterone


  a male hormone
• estrus


  a period of hours or days during which the female is receptive or willing to have sex; replaced by menstrual cycle in humans
• sexual orientation


  a stable pattern of attraction to members of a particular sex
• affiliation


  being associated with other people
• achievement motivation


  a desire to excel or outperform others
• self-actualization


  a state of having fulfilled your potential