research methods (pt2)

• What types of experiments are discussed in the video?

  Lab, field, natural, and quasi experiments
• What is a laboratory experiment?

  An experiment with full control over variables
• What is the role of the independent variable in a lab experiment?

  It is the factor that changes between conditions
• Why is high control in lab experiments beneficial?

  It suggests a cause and effect relationship
• What does high internal validity mean in lab experiments?

  Measured effects are due to the independent variable
• What is a disadvantage of lab experiments regarding ecological validity?

  Lab conditions may not reflect real-world behavior
• What is mundane realism in the context of lab experiments?

  Tasks may not resemble real-world activities
• How do demand characteristics affect lab experiments?

  Participants may change behavior due to awareness
• What is a field experiment?

  An experiment conducted in a natural setting
• What is the main strength of field experiments?

  Increased external validity from natural behavior
• How do field experiments improve mundane realism?

  Tasks are more likely to be real-world tasks
• What is a disadvantage of field experiments regarding control?

  Less control over extraneous variables
• What defines a natural experiment?

  The independent variable occurs naturally
• What is a strength of natural experiments?

  They allow research in ethically sensitive areas
• Why might natural experiments lack cause and effect certainty?

  Other factors may influence the dependent variable
• What is a quasi experiment?

  An experiment without random assignment of participants
• Why are quasi experiments necessary?

  They study factors that cannot be randomly assigned
• What are confounding variables in quasi experiments?

  Differences beyond group membership affecting results
• How does support from patrons benefit the creation of educational content?

  It allows for part-time teaching and content creation
• What is the purpose of the psych boost workbook?

  To help make notes on key ideas
• What is the benefit of watching tutorial videos for exam preparation?

  They provide worked examples and exam tips
• How do the tutorial videos enhance understanding of research methods?

  By providing examples and clarifying concepts
• What is the main topic of the video?

  Sampling in research methods
• Why is it important to consider who participated in a study?

  To determine if findings can be generalized
• What are the five sampling techniques discussed?

  • Random sampling
  • Systematic sampling
  • Stratified sampling
  • Opportunity sampling
  • Volunteer sampling
• What is the definition of target population?

  All individuals in the group to study
• What is generalization in research?

  Applying results from a sample to the population
• What is random sampling?

  Everyone has an equal chance to be selected
• What is a strength of random sampling?

  It avoids researcher bias in selection
• What is a weakness of random sampling?

  It may produce an unrepresentative sample
• How does systematic sampling work?

  Selecting every Nth person from a list
• What is a strength of systematic sampling?

  It removes researcher bias in selection
• What is a weakness of systematic sampling?

  It can still yield an unrepresentative sample
• What is opportunity sampling?

  Including anyone available to participate
• What is a strength of opportunity sampling?

  It is a fast way to gather a sample
• What is a weakness of opportunity sampling?

  It may lead to researcher bias in selection
• What is a volunteer sample?

  Participants select themselves to join
• What is a strength of volunteer sampling?

  It can reach a large number of participants
• What is a weakness of volunteer sampling?

  It may lead to volunteer bias in results
• What is stratified sampling?

  A sample that represents subgroups of a population