homeostasis

• insulin - made by pancreas, tells your body to change glucose into gycogen
• glucose - sugar used in respiration to make energy
• glycogen - storage substance made of glucose, it is stored in the liver. it is a polymer of glucose
• glucagon - hormone that changes glycogen in the liver back to glucose. also made by pancreas.
• diabetes - condition where blood glucose is unable to be controlled.
• The pancreas detects high levels of blood glucose and secretes insulin. The insulin turns the glucose into glycogen which is absorbed into the muscles and stored in the liver. This means that muscles require more release of energy. This decreases blood glucose levels. When the pancreas detects low levels of blood glucose and secretes glucagon into the blood. The glucagon converts the glycogen back into glucose into the blood. This causes blood sugar to increase.
• In type 1 diabetes, the patient must inject themselves with insulin daily. They need to monitor their own blood glucose levels using a meter. They may have to adjust their diet and exercise routine. In type 2 diabetes, patients will often take tablets containing metformin. These reduce the amount of glucose produced by the liver and improve how much glucose is taken up from the blood by muscle and fat cells. Patients may also need to monitor their blood glucose levels and adjust their diets and lifestyles accordingly.