Spiritual Self

• William James’ take on spiritual self which is included to the other empirical selves is defined as the inner most workings of the persons mind, the behavior, beliefs and even morals that involves every aspect of the human as a person
• According to James (1890) people will find more satisfaction in having been able to show of the spiritual self like their intelligence, to have their wishes be done, and to act upon their conscience than to count or show their possession, because he said that the spiritual self “is the most enduring and intimate part of the self”.
• Refers to one’s wishes; these are the things that we want to see and achieve in our lives.

  Person’s Will
• these are the perceived strengths of a person, the things that they have confidence in doing and believe to have a certain level of mastery of.


  Intelligence and abilities
• it is the definition of what is right and wrong, distinguishing the things that are acceptable for a person, the society and at the same time the determination of the possible effects of their actions to themselves, their environment and other people.

  Morals
• is the person’s ability to distinguish what is important and what is not.

  Values
• People will act according to how they feel, what they believe in and what they want to do or happen, but having the inability to understand that there may be some difference on how others perceive and conflict may arise, since Williams also posits that if the one’s beliefs, abilities as well as emotions are being criticized a person may feel that they are being questioned as a whole which will result to negative reactions.
• Religion refers to beliefs and behaviors related to supernatural beings and powers
• Worldview is broader than religion.
• Worldview refers to the collective body of ideas that members of a culture generally share concerning the ultimate shape and substance of their reality.
• All cultures have religion, spirituality, a worldview and magic.
• Religion also differs from spirituality, which is a concern with the sacred in an individual manner.
• Cognitive Function


  ▪ Enabling humans to explain the unexplainable phenomena.
• Social control, conflict resolution and building group solidarity

  Social Function
• Helping individuals to cope up with anxieties that often accompany illness, accidents, death and other misfortunes

  Emotional Function
• The Concept of “Dungan” – Spirit or Soul▪ The “soul“ or spirit of a person has two dimesions;▪ (1) human body and▪ (2)spiritual.
• ▪ Soul referred to as kaluluwa by the Tagalogs or dungan by the Ilonggos comes from the root word duwa,two. The dungan is not seen by the human eye, it takes on a different form. For instance, it can be in a form an insect or a small animal such as lizard. The Bisayans believe that the dungan leaves the body while person is asleep.
• • Travelling dungan outside the body must be free from accidents such as getting trapped in a jar.
  • Only when the soul has safely reunited with the body, the person will be awake. Dungan is also connoted as “willpower”. If a person has a strong willpower, is it said to have a strong dungan
• Rituals in the Philippines are quite common. Visayan fishingvillages practice the offering ritual called harang. A local shamaninvokes sea-spirits. There are several stages of the ritualpurification, invocation, entreaty and feast which covercommunity life such as harvest, operation of fishing boats andcases of illness
• Viktor Frankl, the originator of Logotherapy, indicates how his involvement in quest for the significance of life in a Nazi death camp changed his viewpoint of the world.
• Religion is an organized system of ideas about spiritual reality, or the supernatural, along with associated beliefs and ceremonial practices.
• Spirituality is concern with the sacred, as distinguished from material matters. In contrast to religion, spirituality is often individual rather than collective and does not a distinctive form or traditional organization.
• Myth is a sacred narrative that explains the fundamentals of human existence-- where we and everything in our world everything in our world came from, why we are here, and where we are going.
• Rituals is a culturally prescribed symbolic act or procedure designed to guide members of a community in an orderly way through personal and collective transitions

  • two types: calendric and crisis
• The supernatural is around you all of the time, especially in non-industrialized societies

  • In a lot of cultures, health wealth, and daily things are related to supernatural
• Man does not simply exist but always decides what his existence will be, what he will become in the next moment

  Anthropological
• Man's key motivation is the search for meaning

  Psychological
• Life has unconditional meaning, regardless of the circumstances or situation. His life in the concentration camp, Frankl writes that he found meaning that help strengthen his will to survive

  Philosophical