Key Q

• What is the key questions for learning theories?

  Should airline companies offer treatment programmes for passengers withy a fear of flying?
• what is the fear of flying a combination of?

  combing fear of enclosed spaces and noise and height
• how many people are scared to fly?

  1 in 6 people
• when did fear of flying get worse?

  after the terrorist attack on the world trade centre
• what effect did the attack on the world trade centre have on travel?

  reduction of passengers by 12-20%
• what was the effect of less passengers flying?

  more driving to travel and therefore 1595 additional Americans were killed on the road
• what are the social & economical impacts?

  people need to fly to work may experience high levels of stress on a regular basis (capafons)
• how many participants did capafon have that fly 30 to 40 times a year?

  2
• what can this mean for family members if they are afraid of flying?

  they can become isolated
• what is the consequence economically?

  some countries rely on tourism for their local business
• what are the current initiatives' available from airports and airlines?

  easy jet - fearless flyer course, Virgin Atlantic - flying without fear
• how can classical conditioning be applied to this?

  explains the acquisition of the phobia of the fear of flying
• how can counter conditioning be applied to this?

  extinction of phobias when phobic stimulus is paired with relaxation
• how can operant conditioning be applied?

  avoidance of the fear of flying can increase the feeling of relief - negative reinforcement
• how can social learning theory be applied to the question?

  learning is a possible way of developing the phobia without the direct experience of sitting on the aeroplane - can link to reports and films of the crashes and terrorist attacks
• how can social learning theory and the media be applied?

  • the advertising role models relaxing on a flight
  • the reports of deaths and crashes in the media only being about areoplanes
• how can we link capafon's study to the question?

  he fond that systematic desensitisation significantly reduced the symptoms above and beyond a control waiting list group (18/20)
• what is the negative part of capafon's study that is linked to the question?

  capafon used video stimuli - a simulated situation and therefore difficult to generalise whether participants could cope with flying
• what is the conclusion for the question?

  there are long times benefits to airlines that out weigh the short term costs of treatment - suggesting they should offer treatment.

  but the treatment should be done in vivo and not vitro - not using videos