DRRR

• Disaster Risk


  Function (Hazard, Exposure, Vulnerability)
• To reduce disaster risk, it is important to reduce the level of vulnerability and to keep exposure as far away from hazards as possible by relocating populations and property
• Characteristics of Disasters


  • Knows no political boundary
  • Requires restructured and new responding organizations
  • Creates new tasks and requires more people as disaster responders
  • Renders inutile routine emergency response equipment and facilities
  • Worsens confusion in understanding the roles of people and organizations
  • Exposes lack of disaster planning, response, and coordination
• Inexperienced disaster organizations often fail to see what their proper roles are
• Impacts of Disasters


  • Medical Effects
  • Damage to critical facilities
  • Disruption of Transportation
  • Economic impact
  • Global environmental change
  • Social and political impact
• Elements at risk


  The people, properties, economic activities, and private and public services potentially threatened by a harmful event
• Hazard


  The probability of occurrence at a given magnitude
• Natural Hazards


  • Biological
  • Geologic
  • Hydrometeorological
  • Human-induced Hazard
• Exposure


  The people and properties that are affected by hazards. It can be measured by the number of people or types of assets in an area
• Vulnerability


  The degree of loss to a given element at risk at a certain severity level, according to United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
• Dimensions of Exposure


  • Physical
  • Social
  • Economic
  • Environmental
• Factors of Vulnerability


  • Physical
  • Social
  • Environmental
  • Economic
• Disaster


  Happens when the probable destructive agent, the hazard hit a vulnerable populated area
• Hazard


  A potential source of harm or adverse health effect on a person or persons'
• Exposure


  The situation of people, infrastructure, housing, production capacities and other tangible human assets located in hazard-prone areas
• Vulnerability


  The characteristics determined by physical, social, economic and environmental factors or processes which increase the susceptibility of an individual, a community, assets or systems to the impacts of hazards
• Disaster risk reduction is aimed at preventing new and reducing existing disaster risk and managing residual risk, all of which contribute to strengthening resilience and therefore to the achievement of sustainable development
• Seismology


  The study of earthquakes and seismic waves that move through and around the Earth
• Seismic Waves


  Vibrations generated by a sudden impulse in the Earth such as earthquakes
• Types of Seismic Waves

  • Surface Waves (Rayleigh Waves, Love Waves)
  • Body Waves (P-Waves, S-Waves)
• Earthquake


  The weak to violent shaking of the ground produced by the sudden movement of rock materials below the Earth's surface

  
• This occurs because of the pressure released due to movement of the Earth's plates
• Types of Faults


  • Dip-Slip Fault
  • Strike-Slip Fault
  • Oblique Slip Fault
• Classification of Earthquakes


  • Tectonic Earthquakes
  • Plutonic Earthquakes
  • Volcanic Earthquakes
• Magnitude


  Measures the energy released by an earthquake and is assessed through seismograph. It is measured using the Richter Scale
• Intensity


  Refers to the actual effects and damages made by an earthquake. This uses the 12-point Mercalli Scale and the Rossi-Forel Scale
• Potential Earthquake Hazards


  • Ground Shaking
  • Ground Rupture
  • Liquefaction
  • Earthquake-Induced Ground Subsidence
  • Tsunami
  • Earthquake-Induced Landslide
  • Fire

  
• Signs of an Impeding Earthquake

  • Animal Behavior
  • Change in Atmospheric Conditions
  • Electromagnetic Disturbance
  • Boom Sound
• Hazard maps are developed to illuminate areas that are affected or vulnerable to a particular hazard