CGP Mumbai Case Study

• Cities in the developing world are growing faster than in the developed world. This means that some-like Mumbai-have grown very rapidly and are facing significant social, economic and environmental issues
• Mumbai has many social and economic inequalities
• Mumbai (formerly Bombay)

  • It is a megacity on the west coast of India
  • It is globally important as a major port on the Indian Ocean, India's financial centre and a hub of industry and services
  • It is also a cultural centre as the home to the Bollywood movie industry
• Urbanisation in Mumbai

  1. Migrants from rural areas of India have moved to Mumbai in search of jobs

  2. The population of Mumbai increased from 5.9 million in 1971 to 20.7 million in 2016
• Rapid urbanisation has created a number of social and economic issues in Mumbai
• Social and economic issues in Mumbai

  • More than half of the population live in poverty in slums
  • Over a quarter of all India's millionaires live in Mumbai
  • Inequalities in education - literacy rate is around 60% in the slum, compared to about 90% in the city as a whole
  • Lack of opportunities for women in slum areas, leading some to resort to prostitution
  • Only around 30% of slum residents have access to public healthcare
• Psychological problems such as depression are more common in slum areas than in richer districts
• As Mumbai has developed economically, there has been an influx of African migrants who have experienced racial discrimination
• Despite these inequalities, 42% of Mumbai's residents class themselves as very happy with the city
• Mumbai is vulnerable to natural disasters

  • It is at risk of flooding due to its monsoon climate, rivers flowing through the city, and development on floodplains
  • It is also vulnerable to tectonic hazards like earthquakes and tsunamis
• Slum areas are more vulnerable to natural disasters than richer areas due to poorly constructed houses and location on floodplains
• Current conditions in Mumbai are unsustainable
• Unsustainable conditions in Mumbai

  • Lack of adequate sanitation and water pollution contributing to the spread of diseases
  • Water supply dependent on monsoon rains, with demand growing unsustainably
  • Road network carrying millions of cars each day, causing congestion and air pollution
  • Increasing population producing more waste, causing air pollution and health impacts
• HIV and AIDS rates are increasing in Mumbai, putting pressure on healthcare services
• Efforts to make Mumbai more sustainable

  1. Government redevelopment project to clear the Dharavi slum and create a new independent township

  2. Compulsory rainwater harvesting systems on new residential buildings

  3. Upgrading public transport system to improve air quality

  4. Clean-Up Mumbai Campaign to clear litter and educate about recycling

  5. Legislation to prevent discrimination against HIV/AIDS-positive people