B) The Civil right movement continues

• End of 1950s : divisions appeared in the African American community on the question of non-violent actions
• Frustrations over “distant & professionalized leadership” within the NAACP and the SCLC
• May 1961, Freedom Riders : an interracial group riding buses and trains from DC to the South to fight segregation
• Fall 1961, the Albany Movement : confronted inequalities in Georgia. Some were arrested. However, the police refused to engage in police brutality against the protesters
• In October 1962, James Meredit : first Black American to attend the University of Mississippi, causing riots
• June 1963, Alabama governor George Wallace : “Segregation now, Segregation tomorrow, Segregation forever !”
• Martin Luther King was arrested in Birmingham, AL. and wrote an open letter urging a nonviolent approach but active confrontation to directly challenge injustice.
• August 28, 1963 : the March on Washington drew an estimated 250,000 people.
• Kennedy supported a new bill but was unwilling to push for it. And so, the bill stalled in Congress.