C) The divisions within the African American community

• Supporters of integration (MLK and Christian organizations) and separatism (organization called “Nation of Islam”)
• NOI, founded in 1930, promoted self-help and independence
• Malcom X urged African Americans to pursue freedom, equality and justice by “any means necessary”
• In 1966 : organizations started to embrace Black nationalism
• Stokely Carmichael : “Political and economic power is what the black people have to have”, hence the motto “Black Power”
• October 1966 : Foundation of the Black Panther Party, a self-proclaimed Marxist-Leninist organization that was denounced and actively sabotaged by the FBI