scientific method

• Scientific Method

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  The scientific method is a process used when conducting experiments and exploring observation.

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  This method aims to discover the relationships between cause and effect in various situations and applications.

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  The scientific method provides a way to apply logical and rational problem-solving methods to scientific questions.
• Seven Steps of Scientific Method:

  1.

  Ask a Question

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  It is often something that can be measured with a numerical result, although behavioral results are also part of the scientific method.

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  A research question is an inquiry that the research attempts to answer.

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  It is the heart of the systematic investigation.

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  Research questions are the most important step in any research project.

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  In essence, it initiates the research project and establishes the pace for the specific research.
• 2. Do a Background Research

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  conduct preliminary background research to prepare yourself for the experiment.
• 3.

  Construct a Hypothesis

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  A hypothesis is an educated guess about how things work.

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  It is an attempt to answer your question with an explanation that can be tested.
• 4.

  Variables

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  is any factor, trait, or condition that can exist in differing amounts or types.

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  These factors that change in a scientific experiment are variables.
• o

  The independent variable is the one that is changed by the scientist.
• The dependent variables are the things that the scientist focuses his or her observations on to see how they respond to the change made to the independent variable.
• Controlled variables are quantities that a scientist wants to remain constant, and she or he must observe them as carefully as the dependent variables.
• 5.

  Test your Hypotheses

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  Your experiment tests whether your prediction is accurate and thus your hypothesis is supported or not.

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  It is important for your experiment to be a fair test.
• 6.

  Analyze your Data and Draw a Conclusion

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  Data are results of the experiment which may lead one to accept or reject the hypothesis initially formulated.

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  Conclusion is the answer to the problem and based on a supported hypothesis.

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  Your conclusions summarize how your results support or contradict your original hypothesis.
• 7.

  Communicate your Result

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  To complete your research, you will communicate your results to others in a final report and/or a display board.
• Characteristics of a Good Scientist:

  1.

  Curiosity

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  Always try to seek, inquire, discover.

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  The desire to learn or know about anything.
• 2. Determination

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  Be persistent in your endeavors.

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  Be firm and self-confident.
• 3. Open-mindedness

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  Open yourself to new ideas.

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  Do not be one sided.
• 4. Acceptance of Results

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  Consider failure as a step towards success because it gives you additional scientific information on what to avoid.

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  Failure is a part of a continuum of research.
• 5. Objectivity

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  Do not be influenced by anything but pertinent physical observations.
• 6. Humility

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  Being modest and unassuming.
• 7. Skepticism

  ▪ Do not accept things blindly without questioning.

  ▪Develop the doubting attitude unless presented with reliable data.
• 8. Patience

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  Wait calmly for the result of the investigation since most scientific study takes time.
• 10. Empathy for human condition

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  Putting oneself in the position of another person.
• 11. Intellectual Honesty

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  Be truthful with all the result.

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  Manipulating results may cause misinterpretation of your work.

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  Do not claim scientific discoveries of others.
• 12. Perseverance

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  A good Scientist should not give up.
• 13. Self-Confidence

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  A scientist is confident and ready to depend his work, especially if he knows that he is right.
• 14. Scientific Intuition

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  Scientist should have a gut feeling to intuitively predict that something will happen such as a disaster.

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  This intuition is based on scientific training and understanding of scientific principles, unlike a fortune teller’s prediction based on tarot cards.
• 15. Aptitude for Serendipity

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  Most scientific breakthroughs came out of serendipity.

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  Serendipity means unexpectedly discovering of finding things.
• 16. Ethics

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  Scientists’ work should be guided by some moral codes.