LTM

• what is long term memory split into?

  Long term memory is split into explicit (knowing something is true) and implicit (knowing how to do something). 
• what is explicit memory split into?

  Explicit memory can be further deepened into episodic and semantic. Episodic memory is essential memories of episodes in life. It is a complex store; including images, smells, and emotions, and is chronological; remembered to a certain point in life, and also requires active recall to the mind. However semantic memory is conceptual and more abstract knowledge. It is characterised by the fact that the memories are facts and not time stamped. They are usually abstracted from episodic memories and much less vulnerable to misremembering and distortion.
• what is implicit memory?

  Implicit memory, also known as procedural, is the knowledge of how to do something, it is automatic and often unthinking, and becomes embedded by practice. 
• what are the strengths of LTM?

  research support

  Tulving

  henry molasion

  Clive wearing

  hodges and Patterson + Irish
• elaborate on tulvino as a strength of LTM?

  One strength of the types of long term memory comes from supporting research by Tulving in 1989 who performed brain scans on volunteers. They found that when participants were using their episodic memory, the temporal lobe and right side of the frontal lobe became active, and when they were using their procedural memory, the cerebellum and limbic system were active.  This supports the notion that there are different types of long-term memory which are processed in different areas of the brain.
• elaborate on Henry molasion as a strength of LTM?

  Additionally, evidence supporting the existence of different types of long-term memories comes from case studies such as Henry Molaison and Clive Wearing. 

  In 1953 Henry molasion had his hippocampus removed in attempts to cure his epilepsy however, after surgery he was able to form procedural memories but not make new episodic ones, e.g. he learnt a technique called ‘mirror drawing' but could not remember when he learnt it.
• elaborate on Clive wearing as a strength of LTM?

  Clive wearing was a concert pianist who suffered brain damage after contracting a virus, similarly to Molaison, he lost his episodic memory (only remembering his wife) yet could perfectly play the piano and read music.
• elaborate on hodges and Patterson and Irish as a strength of LTM?

  Additionally, Hodges and Patterson in 2007 discovered that some Alzheimer's patients were able to form new semantic memories but not episodic, but contradictory in 2011 Irish found the opposite, that episodic memories were much easier to recall than semantic for those who suffered Alzheimer's. Despite these studies contradicting each other, they both imply that the stores of long term memory are distinctive and separate.
• what are the weaknesses of LTM?

  Disputes over brain activity

  priming
• elaborate on disputes over brain activity as a weakness of LTM?

  However several criticisms have been made for this theory, firstly there have been disputes over which parts of the brain activate which types of long term memory, and it has been criticised that case studies are unpredictable therefore lack essential control over variables.