geography

• the wearing away of the bed and banks is called erosion
• as the river goes from the source to the mouth erosion decreases and deposition increases
• deposition occurs whenthere is friction and a decrease in velocity/ volume of the water
• hydraulic action is the force of water pushing against the rock and eroding it
• the largest material in a river is transported by traction
• v-shaped valleys are formed due to vertical erosion oof the river and weathering of the valley sides
• urban sprawl is the spread of urban areas into the countryside. greenbelts are used to prevents this.
• a greenfield site is a plot of land that has not benn used before for building
• a greenbelt is a government policy used to prevent the spread of cities into the countryside. in a greenbelt it is hard to get planning permission
• the egans wheel is eight features of a community which can decide how sustainable the community might be
• bedzed stands for bedding zero energy development which is a sustainable carbon neutral, eco-community in surrey
• garden cities are new, planned urban areas that have vilage-like communities and plenty of space for private gardens and public open space
• a brownfield site is a development site where older buildings have been demolished and the land is being redeveloped
• urban renewal is a change taking place in urban areas by replacing or improving exitsting buildings and amenities like parks and roads. also known as urban regeneration
• a clone town is where the high street or other major shopping areas are significantly dominated by chain stores rather than independent stores
• immigration is people moving into other countries which can be legal or illegal
• the pros of immigration are better jobs and money for people moving, more money for businesses and better healthcare for people moving
• the cons of immigration is overpopulation, house prices go up and a higher demand for jobs
• the thames gateway

  • £446m from government
  • 180000 jobs to be created
  • 160000 homes to be built
  • 40 miles eastward of london
  • regenerating brownfield sites
• the benefit of and ageing population is that if the elderly go back to work they can offer lots of experience
• the issues of an ageing population is the cost to tax because of more pension payments, more strain on the nhs and elderly people may cause services in villages to close
• ebbsfleet garden city

  • created to insure a good quality of life
  • large amount of green space
  • 120,000 homes
  • built on the thames estuary ( low lying floodplain)
  • comercial centre to be built arouns eurostar
  • 8 new urban villages
  • new schools
  • expensive houses
• the pros of greenfield sites are they are not polluted so could be cheaper and they ive more space for bigger, more expensive houses
• the cons of a greenfield site is it can be more expensive as there are no facilities there, killing wildlife, reduce farmers fields and some are not connected to the local town
• the pro of a brownfield site is that it could be cheaper to build on
• the cons of a brownfield site is that building in a city centre can cause conjestionand some sites could be heavily polluted so could add to the cost
• bedzed

  • all resources are locally sourced
  • 85% of energy used in heating and hot water
  • south facong to maximise the sun
  • energy efficient lighting and appliance reduces bills by 45%
  • recycle water
  • reduced carbon emissions by 56%
  • green transport uses
• the pro of nansleaden is it makes use of local resources, new schools / nurserys, new care home, new gp ect., 4,000 new jobs, more shopsincreases habitat by 24%
• the cons of nansledan is it destroyes 540 acres of greenfield land, increase flood risk, strict rules resident have to follow and traffic conjection will get worse
• newham before 2012

  • known as stinky stratford
  • noxious industries and slaughterhouses
  • 2.5 square mile of brownfiled site polluted
  • most diverse and economically deprived areas of the country
  • racial discrimination
  • run down buildings
• V-shaped valleys are formed due to verticle erosion of the river and weathering of the valley sides
• the largest material in a river are transported due to traction
• hydraulic action is the force of water pushing against the rock and eroding it
• depostion occurs when the is friction ( water becomes shallow) and a decrease in velocity/volume of the water
• as the river goes from the source to the mouth erosion decreases and deposition increases
• the drawbacks of soil erosion are

  • requires highly experienced worker
  • access for machinery can be difficult
  • can take several growing season
  • can be difficult when the path has a gradient above 15
• the uks population is 67 million
• 600,000 people immigrate to the uk and 300,000 emigrate which is a positive net migration
• for a city to be a global city it has to have

  • finnance and trade
  • transport hubs
  • media and communication
  • governance and decision making
  • migration, culture and tourism
• life in a mumbai slum

  • over 10,000 people making potery
  • chemicals and drainage just lying about
  • 1 million people in 1 square mile
  • extremely wealthy people living next to extremely poor
  • sense of community