Struct

• What is a struct in programming?

  A user-defined data type
• What does a struct allow you to do?

  Group multiple and different data types
• What are the variables in a struct called?

  Members or fields
• What are the characteristics of a struct?

  • User-defined: define multiple members
  • Aggregates heterogeneous data: stores different types
  • Value type: copies all member data
  • Public members: accessible to all
• How do you declare a struct in C++?

  Use the struct keyword followed by name
• What is the syntax to define a struct?

  struct StructName { dataType memberName; };
• How do you initialize a struct variable?

  Use the struct name followed by variable name
• What is the output of cout << emp1.empName when emp1.empName is "Alice"?

  Alice
• How can you modify a member of a struct?

  By assigning a new value to it
• What is a nested struct?

  A struct that is a member of another struct
• What is the purpose of a nested struct?

  • Represents complex relationships
  • Organizes related data together
• How do you access a member of a nested struct?

  Use the outer struct's variable followed by inner
• What is the traditional initialization of a nested struct?

  Using separate struct definitions
• How does C++11 improve struct initialization?

  Allows initializer lists for nested structs
• What is the C++20 version of struct initialization?

  Uses designated initializers for members
• How can structs be used with functions?

  • Passed by value
  • Passed by reference
  • Can have member functions
• What is the difference between pass by value and pass by reference?

  Pass by value copies data, reference does not
• Can a struct have member functions?

  Yes, a struct can have member functions
• What are the uses of arrays in structs?

  • Store multiple values of the same type
  • Organize data within a struct