HIC - Bristol

• Bristol's importance:

  •Education - two universities

  •Tourism - 8th most popular city

  •Industry - 2nd largest silicone chip producer

  •Culture - Aardman, St Paul's carnival
• Bristol has two major docks:

  •Avonmouth

  •Royal Portbury
• 14 out of 15 global aircraft companies have a base in Bristol

  e.g Rolls-Royce, Airbus
• Highest university retention rate in UK
• Migration opportunities:

  • Hard working, skilled workforce

  • Enriched culture

  • Young migrants balance ageing population
• Migration challenges:

  •Lack of housing - prices rise

  •Migrants have to learn a new language
• 2 million people live within 50km of Bristol
• Social opportunities:

  • Entertainment - Colston Hall, Bristol Old Vic

  • Sport - Two football teams

  • Shopping - Cribbs Causeway, Cabot Circus
• Bristol's employment - tertiary and quaternary
• Defence Procurement Agency employs 10,000 people
• 1st UK city to become a European Green Capital: • Reducing energy use by 30% • Reducing CO2 emissions by 40% • Increasing use of brownfield sites
• Integrated Transport System:

  • Metro bus - less separate drivers means less emissions

  • New cycle paths - less cars on the road reduces traffic and pollution
• ITS aims:

  • Connect public transport

  • Make it more accessible to public
• Urban greening - increasing and protecting green spaces in a city
• Bristol urban greening:

  • 1/3 is green space

  • 8 nature reserves

  • 300 parks
• Before harbourside regeneration:

  • Warehouses and shipyards derelict after trading moved to Royal Portbury and Avonmouth

  • Industrial workers' housing derelict

  • Squatters and riots
• Harbourside regeneration action:

  • Moving high-tech businesses into old warehouses

  • Conversion of buildings into bars, nightclubs, and luxury flats

  • Harbourside Festival - 300,000 spectators
• Harbourside regeneration failures:

  • New housing is too expensive for old residents

  • New jobs are too skilled for old residents

  • Hasn't helped traffic congestion
• Urban sprawl - unplanned growth of cities resulting in the loss of green spaces
• Waste per head is 23% lower than UK average
• Half a million tonnes of waste produced per year
• Waste recycling has increased from 15% -> 50% recently
• Energy recovery - turning waste into useful energy
• Energy recovery supplies electricity to 25,000 homes near Bristol
• Most congested city in UK for it's size
• 200 deaths/year from air pollution
• Strategies like ITS and Clean Air Zone aim to decrease air pollution by increasing public transport
• Housing:

  • Filwood - poorly built (1940s) and mostly rented

  • Stoke Bishop - well built (Victorian) and 81% owner-occupied
• Health:

  • Filwood - life expectancy 78, above average cancer death rates

  • Stoke Bishop - life expectancy 83, death rates below average
• Education:

  • Filwood - 36% got top GCSE grades

  • Stoke Bishop - 94% got top GCSE grades in 5 or more, 50% of population have a degree
• Employment/Economic:

  • Filwood - 1/3 of 18-24s are unemployed, over half of all children live in low-income households

  • Stoke Bishop - 3% unemployed, under 4% of children are in poverty
• Green belt - An area of land around a city that is protected from building, to prevent urban sprawl on the rural-urban fringe, and to stop cities merging
• Clevedon is now a commuter settlement for Bristol
• Commuter settlement - A settlement that is located near a city but is not part of it, where people who work in the city will live and commute to the city from
• Greenfield housing development - Harry Stoke:

  • 1200 homes built, with 2000 more planned
• Harry Stoke concerns:

  • Traffic congestion and pollution

  • Loss of animal habitats

  • Effect on flood risk
• Brownfield housing development - Bristol Harbourside regeneration:

  • Advantages - derelict area redeveloped, people can live in the centre

  • Disadvantages - not everyone likes the architecture, new flats are too expensive (gentrification)
• Harbourside regeneration successes:

  • 3000 new jobs created
  • Global businesses have moved ( Lloyds Bank )
  • New festivals that bring in tourism
• During rush hour, car journeys take 30% longer