primary food processing

• how does fruit undergo basic processing

  pits are removed. fruits are squeezed or dried
• how does vegetables undergo basic processing

  washed to remove dirt, insects and chemical sprays. sorted into different sizes and shapes. may be peeled
• how does poultry undergo basic processing

  feathers and organs removed. wings and legs are tied
• how does meat undergo basic processing

  hung and dried to make it more tender and improve flavour. chopped, sliced or cut
• how is flour made by milling wheat grains

  1. wheat grains are harvested and cleaned to remove and stones or dust
  2. grains are stored in dry conditions
  3. grains are put into a hopper and crushed between rollers that crack open the grain
  4. wholemeal, wheatmeal and white flour can be created
  5. b group vitamins are removed when making white flour
• what are the 4 ways milk is heat treated to kill bacteria

  pasteaurisation, ultra heat treatment, sterilisation, microfiltration
• what is pasteurisation

  milk is heated quickly to 72 degrees for 15 secs then rapidly cooled.
• what is ultra heat treatment (UHT)

  milk is heated to at least 135 degrees for 1-4 secs and then packed in a sterile container and the milk can last at an ambient temperature for several months
• what is sterilisation

  bottled raw milk goes through a steam chamber at 110 degrees for 10-30 minutes. all bacteria are killed
• what is microfiltration

  bacteria that turn milk sour after pasteurisation. it forces milk through a membrane which separates the milk from the souring bacteria. extends shelf life