Physical Education 4 - Prelims

• Mountaineering

  • Walking activity at certain levels and it can be considered as a vigorous form of activity
  • A sport, profession, and recreation of climbing or going up mountains
  • This sport challenge an individual's capabilities and skills
  • way to be one of the nature
  • Mountaineers find climbing as a form of relaxation and exercise
• 3 Basic Forms of Climbing Depending on the Track Condition

  1. Rock Climbing or Rock Craft
  2. Ice and Snow Climbing or Snow Craft
  3. Mixed Climbing Combines the Rocky and Icy Routes
• Different Types of Climbing Activities

  1. Rock Climbing
  2. Bouldering
  3. Ice Climbing
  4. Competition Climbing
  5. Hill Walking
  6. Scrambling
• How to Climb a Mountain

  1. Do your research
  2. Assess your mental health
  3. Get fit
  4. Acquire the gear
  5. Learn about mountaineering ethics
  6. Get training
  7. Plan your first climb
  8. Keep improving your skills and trying harder mountain climbs
  9. Find good guide
  10. Prepare for the trip
  11. Understand what's involved on arrival at the mountain
  12. Begin Climbing
  13. Descend with plenty of time and get back safely
• Belaying - controlling the rope
• Belayer - person who controls the rope
• “Sports Climbing” - wearing fixed protection (primary bolts) is placed on the rock and clip into were they ascend
• “Soloing” where people climb on their own and usually without a rope
• Rock climbing or Rock-craft 

  • Popular among amateur climbers
  • Involves rocky slopes and avalanches
• Snow and Ice Climbing or Snow Craft 

  • expert climbers 
  • much dangerous climb
  • involves routes with glaciers
  • Special gear
  • understanding the snow and ice conditions
• Mixed Climbing Combines the Rocky and Icy Routes 

  • most difficult 
  • hazardous track 
  • have enough training and experience
• Rock Climbing 

  • Using ropes
  • Outdoors or indoors with 2 people
  • Belaying controlling the rope
  • Belayer person who controls the rope
  • First is placing their own protection on their way up and the second climber is removing the protection while seconding the route
• Bouldering 

  • on a small rock and boulders or at indoor walls 
  • Climbers does not go high
  • possible to jump back down
  • Uses padded mats to jump down or fall to reduce the impact on landing and to protect the ground from erosion
  • Bouldering routes are called boulder problems 
• Ice Climbing 

  • Climbing on snow or ice
  • Done outdoors using ropes and protection system similar to rock climbing
  • There are specialist indoor venues for this form of climbing
  • Equipment includes mountain boots, warm clothing, ice axes, crampons, harness and rope
• Competition Climbing 

  •  Competitive form of climbing on artificial structure or walls
• Hill Walking 

  • Walking over mountainous terrain and venturing through exhilarating landscapes with fabulous views
  • Special skills needed include map reading, terrain judgment, and navigation
  • Equipment are boots, warm and waterproof clothes as weather is difficult to predict accurately
• Scrambling 

  • Involves elements of both hill walking and rock climbing
  • Some scrambles up steep rides can be very exposed
  • The steeper the rock the harder the scramble and more skills and equipment required