control

• -          Random allocation is used in an independent group design in an attempt to control participant variables- the aim is that each participant has the same chance of being allocated to all conditions of the iv . - all participants names in a hat
• -          counterbalancing is used in repeated measures design and it splits participants so that they complete the different levels of the iv in a different order the aim is to balance out any differences between participants results with the due to the order they have taken the test in therefore it controls the impacts of order effects bye
• -          randomization involves adopting a strategy of randomly determining the order of presentation of experimental conditions a strategy for example could be tossing a coin
• -          The order of stimuli presented to participants can also be randomised which is important because if all participants experience the same presentation order then some rating biases may occur for example the photo presented first is likely to be given an average rating by many participants simply because they are rating the photo in an average manner .
• -          Standardisation- means that all participants in the study have exactly the same experience so individuals experiences does not cause some participants to engage with the study differently therefore the procedure needs to be standardised stance is ours to ensure all participants shared the same experience for example you could do this by having a strict set of instructions so that all participants receive the same information