Animal (Human) Transport

• What is hemoglobin?

  The protein found in red-blood cells that carries Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
• What does the aorta do?

  Pump blood away from the heart
• The aorta is connected to the...?

  1. Heart
  2. Arteries
• Arteries have thick walls to withstand fast-flowing blood pressure
• Veins have thinner walls and valves
• Valves prevent the blood from flowing backwards
• Oxygenated blood → Arteries → Arterioles → Capillaries → Gas Exchange → Deoxygenated blood → Venules → Veins → Heart → Lungs ( then the cycle repeats)
• Why does blood flow slowly in the capillaries?

  1. They are smaller
  2. To allow for gas exchange
• The heart is made out of...?

  Cardiac muscle
• The heart contracts (systole) and relaxed (diastole) to pump blood around the body
• The heart has valves that flow in one direction :

  1. Tricuspid valve
  2. Bicuspid valve
  3. Semilunar valves
• One complete heartbeat :

  1. Blood enters the atria on both sides.
  2. The tricuspid and bicuspid valves are SHUT (so the blood can't flow down into the ventricles)
  3. Atria fills up with blood
  4. Atria contracts and force the blood down through the valves into the ventricles.
  5. Heart contracts from the bottom up (Ventricular Systole)
  6. Ventricles contract, squeezing the blood UP and OUT of the arteries.
  7. Tricuspid and Bicuspid valve SHUT.
  8. Ventricles relax
  9. Semilunar valves shut
  10. Atria starts filling with blood again
• Tricuspid = Right side (remember this by the 'R' in tricuspid)

  
• List all parts of the heart :

  1. Aorta
  2. Semi-lunar valves
  3. Vena-cava
  4. Right Atrium
  5. Left Atrium
  6. Right Ventricle
  7. Left Ventricle
  8. Pulmonary Vein
  9. Pulmonary Artery
  10. Septum