Contractions ( for example ‘ cannot’, shortening and combining two words
Eckert
Teen speak distances teenagers from adults
Tagliamonte
When communicating online teenagers use more intensifiers, but there is no evidence to suggest a decline in grammar
Eckert Detroit study
High school students, jocks and burnouts. Eckert studied non-standard forms and multiple negation. Jocks almost always used standard forms. Burnouts mostly non-standard forms. Used similar language to show that they were part of the same group.
Labov Martha Vineyard study
Younger members of the population who were there, temporarily converged to the vowel pronunciation of the older members of the island to distance themselves from the tourists.
